Effect of Immune Inducers on <i>Nosema ceranae</i> Multiplication and Their Impact on Honey Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Survivorship and Behaviors

Effect of Immune Inducers on <i>Nosema ceranae</i> Multiplication and Their Impact on Honey Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Survivorship and Behaviors

Nosema disease is a major disease of honey bees caused by two species of microsporidia, <i>Nosema apis</i> and <i>N. ceranae</i>. Current control involves using antibiotics, which is undesirable because of possible antibiotic resistance and contamination. In this study, flage...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pegah Valizadeh, Ernesto Guzman-Novoa, Paul H. Goodwin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
<i>Nosema cerana</i>
<i>Apis mellifera</i>
foraging behavior
hygienic behavior
proboscis extension reflex
immune inducers
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/572

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