| Summary: | Dysbiosis is commonly detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), supporting the concept that a dysregulated immune reaction to bacterial antigens has a pathogenic role in the development of intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we have investigated the beneficial effects of a novel probiotic formulation assembled by combining four probiotics (<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus casei</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium breve)</i> with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, a Gram-positive bacterium, with extensive bio-applications. Mice rendered colitic by administration of TNBS or DSS were administered with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> alone, Vivomixx® or the novel Five strains formulation. Vivomixx® attenuated the severity of inflammation and reduced the development of signs and symptoms of colitis in both models. Adding <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> to Vivomixx® improved the beneficial effects of the bacterial therapy. The novel Five strains formulation was as effective as Vivomixx® in reducing the development of signs and symptoms of colitis and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including Il-6 and Tnf-α while increased the expression of Il-10 mRNA and the number of Treg. In summary, we have shown that a novel Five strains probiotics formulation exerts beneficial effects on two chemical models of colitis, establishing <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> as a probiotic in rodent models of inflammation.
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