Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation

Expanded costochondral cells provide a clinically relevant cell source for engineering both fibrous and hyaline articular cartilage. Expanding chondrocytes in a monolayer results in a shift toward a proliferative, fibroblastic phenotype. Three-dimensional aggregate culture may, however, be used to r...

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Main Authors: Meghan K. Murphy, Taylor E. Masters, Jerry C. Hu, Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2015-02-01
Series:Cell Transplantation
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3727/096368913X676204
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spelling doaj-0fb0282c428f40ce9890ae6bb0cc36342020-11-25T03:08:35ZengSAGE PublishingCell Transplantation0963-68971555-38922015-02-012410.3727/096368913X676204Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate RedifferentiationMeghan K. Murphy0Taylor E. Masters1Jerry C. Hu2Kyriacos A. Athanasiou3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USAExpanded costochondral cells provide a clinically relevant cell source for engineering both fibrous and hyaline articular cartilage. Expanding chondrocytes in a monolayer results in a shift toward a proliferative, fibroblastic phenotype. Three-dimensional aggregate culture may, however, be used to recover chondrogenic matrix production. This study sought to engineer a spectrum of fibrous to hyaline neocartilage from a single cell source by varying the duration of three-dimensional culture following expansion. In third passage porcine costochondral cells, the effects of aggregate culture duration were assessed after 0, 8, 11, 14, and 21 days of aggregate culture and after 4 subsequent weeks of neocartilage formation. Varying the duration of aggregate redifferentiation generated a spectrum of fibrous to hyaline neocartilage. Within 8 days of aggregation, proliferation ceased, and collagen and glycosaminoglycan production increased, compared with monolayer cells. In self-assembled neocartilage, type II-to-I collagen ratio increased with increasing aggregate duration, yet glycosaminoglycan content varied minimally. Notably, 14 days of aggregate redifferentiation increased collagen content by 25%, tensile modulus by over 110%, and compressive moduli by over 50%, compared with tissue formed in the absence of redifferentiation. A spectrum of fibrous to hyaline cartilage was generated using a single, clinically relevant cell source, improving the translational potential of engineered cartilage.https://doi.org/10.3727/096368913X676204
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Meghan K. Murphy
Taylor E. Masters
Jerry C. Hu
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
spellingShingle Meghan K. Murphy
Taylor E. Masters
Jerry C. Hu
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation
Cell Transplantation
author_facet Meghan K. Murphy
Taylor E. Masters
Jerry C. Hu
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
author_sort Meghan K. Murphy
title Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation
title_short Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation
title_full Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation
title_fullStr Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation
title_full_unstemmed Engineering a Fibrocartilage Spectrum through Modulation of Aggregate Redifferentiation
title_sort engineering a fibrocartilage spectrum through modulation of aggregate redifferentiation
publisher SAGE Publishing
series Cell Transplantation
issn 0963-6897
1555-3892
publishDate 2015-02-01
description Expanded costochondral cells provide a clinically relevant cell source for engineering both fibrous and hyaline articular cartilage. Expanding chondrocytes in a monolayer results in a shift toward a proliferative, fibroblastic phenotype. Three-dimensional aggregate culture may, however, be used to recover chondrogenic matrix production. This study sought to engineer a spectrum of fibrous to hyaline neocartilage from a single cell source by varying the duration of three-dimensional culture following expansion. In third passage porcine costochondral cells, the effects of aggregate culture duration were assessed after 0, 8, 11, 14, and 21 days of aggregate culture and after 4 subsequent weeks of neocartilage formation. Varying the duration of aggregate redifferentiation generated a spectrum of fibrous to hyaline neocartilage. Within 8 days of aggregation, proliferation ceased, and collagen and glycosaminoglycan production increased, compared with monolayer cells. In self-assembled neocartilage, type II-to-I collagen ratio increased with increasing aggregate duration, yet glycosaminoglycan content varied minimally. Notably, 14 days of aggregate redifferentiation increased collagen content by 25%, tensile modulus by over 110%, and compressive moduli by over 50%, compared with tissue formed in the absence of redifferentiation. A spectrum of fibrous to hyaline cartilage was generated using a single, clinically relevant cell source, improving the translational potential of engineered cartilage.
url https://doi.org/10.3727/096368913X676204
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