New electrical impedance methods for the in situ measurement of the complex permittivity of anisotropic skeletal muscle using multipolar needles

Abstract This paper provides a rigorous analysis on the measurement of the permittivity of two-dimensional anisotropic biological tissues such as skeletal muscle using the four-electrode impedance technique. The state-of-the-art technique requires individual electrodes placed at the same depth in co...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: H. Kwon, M. Guasch, J. A. Nagy, S. B. Rutkove, B. Sanchez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2019-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39277-0