Blockade of PD-L1 Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy by Regulating Dendritic Cell Maturation and Macrophage Polarization
The immuno-inhibitory checkpoint PD-L1, regulated by tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), dampened the activation of T cells from the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. PD-L1-expressing APCs rather than tumor cells demonstrated the essential anti-tumor effects of anti-PD-L1 monotherapy in preclinical tumo...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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Series: | Cancers |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/9/1400 |