Effectiveness of teaching strategies on the development of critical thinking in undergraduate nursing students: a meta-analysis

• Main Authors: Larissa Bertacchini de Oliveira, Leidy Johanna Rueda Díaz, Fábio da Costa Carbogim, Adriano Rogério Baldacin Rodrigues, Vilanice Alves de Araújo Püschel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universidade de São Paulo 2016-04-01
• Series: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
• Subjects: Pensamiento; Estudiantes de Enfermería; Educación en Enfermería; Ensayo Clínico Controlado Aleatório; Revisión
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0080-62342016000200355&lng=en&tlng=en

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching strategies used for development of critical thinking (CT) in undergraduate nursing students. METHOD Systematic review with meta-analysis based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute . Searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and a database of theses from four continents. The initial selection and evaluation of studies and assessment of methodological quality was performed by two reviewers independently. RESULTS Twelve randomized clinical trials were included in the study. In the meta-analysis of the four studies included that evaluated the strategy of problem-based learning (PBL), compared to lectures, the effectiveness of PBL was demonstrated with statistical significance (SMD = 0.21 and 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.42; p = 0.0434) for the development of CT in undergraduate nursing students, and the studies were homogeneous (chi-square = 6.10, p = 0.106). CONCLUSION The effectiveness of PBL was demonstrated in the increase of overall CT scores. Further studies need to be conducted in order to develop, implement and evaluate teaching strategies that are guided in high methodological rigor, and supported in theoretical models of teaching and learning.