Electrical Stimulation of Injected Muscles to Boost Botulinum Toxin Effect on Spasticity: Rationale, Systematic Review and State of the Art

Electrical Stimulation of Injected Muscles to Boost Botulinum Toxin Effect on Spasticity: Rationale, Systematic Review and State of the Art

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) represents a first-line treatment for spasticity, a common disabling consequence of many neurological diseases. Electrical stimulation of motor nerve endings has been reported to boost the effect of BoNT-A. To date, a wide range of stimulation protocols has been propo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alessandro Picelli, Mirko Filippetti, Giorgio Sandrini, Cristina Tassorelli, Roberto De Icco, Nicola Smania, Stefano Tamburin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
botulinum toxins
electrical stimulation
muscle spasticity
physical therapy modalities
rehabilitation
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/5/303

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https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/5/303

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