Rodrigo Tovar Pupo

Rodrigo Tovar Pupo, (aka Jorge 40 his nom de guerre; born 19 November 1960) was born in Valledupar, Colombia. He was the leader of the Northern Bloc of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia. He demobilized with his two thousand men strong group on March 10, 2006 in La Mesa, Department of Cesar.

A laptop computer belonging to Tovar contained information on over 550 murders and started the 2006 Para-political scandal in which several congressmen have been indicted for corruption.

From cattle owner and farmer, member of Fenalce and Fedearroz and a public official, pass to command 4500 men of the Northern Bloc that dominate the territories of Cesar, La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico and part of both Santander and Norte de Santander Departments.

"Just hearing his name instills fear in us", said a member of the Kankuamos, a native community from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta who accused him of the assassination of more than 100 of their members.

He is also accused of covertly masterminding the repression of the ''Aseguradoras del Régimen Subsidiado de Salud'' (ARS) (Spanish for Health Subsidized Regime Insurance) in many municipalities in the Caribbean Region as well as being the alleged ring leader of a loose confederation of drug traffickers operating in the eastern zone of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (a coastal mountain range in northern Colombia) and La Guajira (and adjacent region bordering Venezuela). Due to these activities the United States Government has asked for his extradition in order to bring him to an American court.

Jorge 40 was indicted for masterminding the massacre of over 60 natives from the aboriginal Wayuu and Wiwa tribes in La Guajira and Magdalena provinces. They were allegedly executed by the Northern Bloc in 2004. Jorge 40 has also been connected to the death of 21 people in the municipality of Aracataca better known by its fictional name 'Macondo' (Magdalena).

The Organization of American States (OAS) denounced Jorge 40's paramilitary activities after alleged collusion with local government forces in order to kill eight people in Curumani, Cesar, accusing them of being informants of the ELN guerrilla. The massacre occurred between December 4 and December 5, 2005. Provided by Wikipedia