Philip Zimbardo
Philip George Zimbardo (; March 23, 1933 – October 14, 2024) was an American
psychologist and a professor at
Stanford University. He was an internationally known educator, researcher, author and media personality in psychology who authored more than 500 articles, chapters, textbooks, and trade books covering a wide range of topics, including time perspective, cognitive dissonance, the psychology of evil, persuasion, cults, deindividuation, shyness, and heroism. He became known for his 1971
Stanford prison experiment, which was later criticized. He authored various widely-used, introductory psychology textbooks for college students, and other notable works, including ''Shyness'', ''
The Lucifer Effect'', and ''The Time Paradox''. He was the founder and president of the
Heroic Imagination Project, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting heroism in everyday life by training people how to resist bullying, bystanding, and negative conformity. He pioneered
The Stanford Shyness Clinic in the 1970s and offered the earliest comprehensive treatment program for shyness. He was the recipient of numerous honorary degrees and many awards and honors for service, teaching, research, writing, and educational media, including the
Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science for his ''
Discovering Psychology'' video series. He served as
Western Psychological Association president in 1983 and 2001, and
American Psychological Association president in 2002.
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