Martin Ritt

Martin Ritt (March 2, 1914 – December 8, 1990) was an American director, producer, and actor, active in film, theatre and television. He was known mainly as an auteur of socially-conscious dramas and literary adaptations, described by Stanley Kauffmann as "one of the most underrated American directors, superbly competent and quietly imaginative."

Ritt was an actor-turned-director with the Federal Theater Project and Group Theatre, becoming assistant to Elia Kazan at the Actors Studio. After a promising television directing career was cut short by the Second Red Scare, Ritt made his first film ''Edge of the City'' (1957). His 1958 film ''The Long, Hot Summer,'' based on the works of William Faulkner, was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, the first of three times the director would be nominated for the honor.

His 1963 film ''Hud'' earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Director, and his 1965 John le Carré adaptation ''The Spy Who Came in from the Cold'' won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. Two of his subsequent films, ''Sounder'' (1972) and ''Norma Rae'' (1979), were both nominated for Best Picture Oscars. Ritt directed many of the biggest stars of his time, including 13 of them to Academy Award wins or nominations - Paul Newman, Melvyn Douglas, Patricia Neal, Richard Burton, James Earl Jones, Jane Alexander, Paul Winfield, Cicely Tyson, Geraldine Page, Sally Field, Rip Torn, Alfre Woodard and James Garner.

Four of his films (''Edge of the City'', ''Hud'', ''Sounder'', ''Norma Rae'') have been selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant. Provided by Wikipedia