Antennas Battery management systems Charging (batteries) Dendrobium huoshanense Equivalent circuit model Equivalent circuits Estimation Experimental characteristics Functional optimization Ions Kalman filters Lithium ions Lithium-ion batteries Lithium-ion battery pack Open circuit voltage Operating characteristics State of charge estimation State-of-charge estimation Timing circuits Unscented Kalman Filter Unscented kalman filter Working state Working state monitoring bioactivities polysaccharide structure subcritical water