Combinatorial approach Computational framework Field parameters Intelligent systems Iterative methods Mean and standard deviations Monte Carlo methods Orthogonal functions Particle swarm optimization Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Quasi-Monte-Carlo simulation Quasi-monte-carlo simulation Random field Random fields Regulatory compliance Robust topology optimization Sensitivity analysis Shape optimization Stochastic systems Stochastics Structural optimization Topology Topology optimisation Upper and lower bounds classification cluster analysis laboratory linear discriminant analysis systemic lupus erythematosus