off-farm employment D24 1 Elaeis 1 Indonesia 1 J22 1 Q12 1 United States 1 agricultural land 1 agricultural worker 1 business 1 cropping practice 1 dairy 1 dairy farming 1 employment 1 farm household 1 farm size 1 household structure 1 hypothesis testing 1 innovation 1 manufacturing 1 off-farm work 1 oil palm 1 panel data 1 profitability 1 resource management 1 rural area 1 rural development 1 stochastic frontier 1 structural transformation 1 technical efficiency 1