comparative research England 1 Hofstede 1 Pre-industrial Europe 1 United Kingdom 1 article 1 business 1 comparative study 1 cross-cultural indicators 1 cultural factor 1 economic development 1 economic history 1 empirical analysis 1 firms 1 human 1 individuality 1 industrial history 1 institutions 1 multilevel analysis 1 science communication 1 social media 1 theoretical study 1 trust 1 trust in science 1