APACHE 1 Article 1 Charlson Comorbidity Index 1 adult 1 aged 1 amiodarone 1 antibiotic agent 1 antibiotic therapy 1 artificial ventilation 1 atrial fibrillation 1 beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent 1 calcium channel blocking agent 1 cardiac surgery intensive care unit 1 cardioversion clinical outcome 1 cohort analysis 1 continuous infusion 1 controlled study 1 coronary care unit 1 critically ill patient 1 digoxin 1 disease association 1 dobutamine 1 dopamine 1 drug dose reduction 1 drug use 1 epinephrine 1 female 1 hemodialysis 1 hospital discharge 1