Adult 1 Article 1 Comorbidity 1 Cross-lagged treatment effects 1 Female 1 Humans 1 Implosive Therapy 1 Male 1 Middle Aged 1 Outcome Assessment (Health Care) 1 RCT for posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders 1 Secondary Prevention 1 Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic 1 Substance-Related Disorders 1 Symptom changes during treatment 1 Treatment matching adult 1 cognitive behavioral therapy 1 comorbidity 1 controlled study 1 disease severity 1 drug dependence 1 evidence based practice 1 female 1 follow up 1 human 1 implosive therapy 1 long term exposure 1 major clinical study 1 male 1