Trade openness Carbon dioxide 4 Economic and social effects 4 Economic growths 4 trade openness 4 CO 2 emission 3 CO2 emissions 3 Commerce 3 Financial development 3 Economic growth 2 Energy conservation 2 Energy management systems 2 Expansion 2 Gross domestic products 2 Information and Communication Technologies 2 OECD countries 2 Pooled mean group 2 Renewable electricity 2 Renewable energies 2 Sustainable development 2 Technology usages 2 gross domestic product 2 information and communication technology 2 pooled mean group 2 renewable energy 2 % reductions 1 'current 1 Absorptive capability 1 Bio-mass energy 1 Biomass 1