Coniferales 1 Crown characteristic 1 Crown characteristics 1 Fagus sylvatica 1 Forest stand 1 Forest structure 1 Forestry 1 Germany 1 Laser applications 1 Picea abies 1 Pinus sylvestris 1 Plants (botany) 1 Seebeck effect 1 Stand structural attribute 1 Stand structural attributes 1 Steel beams and girders 1 Structural complexity index Structural heterogeneity 1 Surveying instruments 1 Terrestrial laser scanning 1 canopy architecture 1 coniferous tree 1 forest management 1 heterogeneity 1 index method 1 laser method 1 stand structure 1