Polyacrylonitriles Air‐controled electrospray 1 Capacitance 1 Capacitive performance 1 Carbon nanofibers 1 Carbon nanofibres 1 Cathodes 1 Chemical modification 1 Conventional capacitors 1 Electric discharges 1 Electro-chemical anodization 1 Electrochemical performance 1 Electrochemical reductions 1 Electrolytic reduction 1 Electrospinning 1 Electrosprays 1 Gas assisted electrospinning 1 Lithium 1 Lithium batteries 1 Lithium sulfur batteries 1 Lithium/sulfur batteries 1 Lithium–Sulfur batteries 1 Mesopore 1 Mesoporous carbon nanofibers 1 Mesoporous materials 1 Modification process 1 Nanotubes 1 Nitrogen group 1 Nitrogen-doping 1 Oxygen vacancies 1