Condition 5 Partial shading 5 Partial shading condition Maximum power point trackers 4 Particle swarm optimization (PSO) 4 MPPT 3 Photovoltaic arrays 3 Photovoltaic effects 3 Photovoltaic systems 3 Solar cells 3 Solar power generation 3 Climate change 2 Cuckoo search algorithms 2 Electric control equipment 2 Global optimization 2 Hardware in loop 2 Heuristics algorithm 2 Hybrid CSA-PID 2 Hybrid cuckoo search algorithm-PID 2 PID controllers 2 Photovoltaics 2 Proportional control systems 2 Real time control 2 Solar energy 2 Solar panels 2 Three term control systems 2 hardware-in-loop 2 heuristics algorithms 2 partial shading conditions 2 photovoltaic 2