Adverse effect 1 Article 1 Deterioration 1 Economic and social effects 1 Economic growths 1 Impact of changes 1 International trade 1 Material Flow 1 Material flow 1 Metal mining Metals 1 Mining 1 Panel data analysis 1 Planning 1 Scarce metals 1 Social impact 1 Socio-economic consequences 1 Sustainable development 1 controlled study 1 economic development 1 energy consumption 1 explanatory variable 1 heavy metal 1 human 1 international trade 1 limit of quantitation 1 material flow analysis 1 mining 1 panel data 1 population research 1