European Union countries Battery-electric vehicles 1 CO 2 emission 1 Carbon dioxide 1 Carbon dioxide emissions 1 Decarbonisation 1 Economic and social effects 1 Electric plugs 1 Energy utilization 1 Environmental impact 1 European Union 1 European union 1 Fossil fuels 1 GDP growth 1 Global warming 1 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1 Plug-in electric vehicles 1 Plug-in hybrid vehicles 1 Quantile regression 1 R&D investment 1 Secondary batteries 1 Transportation sector 1 battery-electric vehicles 1 carbon dioxide emissions 1 employment 1 exports 1 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 1 quantile regression 1