Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Macrophage-Associated Low-Grade Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Senescence
In this study, we investigated the impact of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on macrophages and tubular epithelial cells and its role in modulating the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Indoxyl sulfate accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a predictor of...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI
2023
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | View Fulltext in Publisher View in Scopus |