A Phishing-Attack-Detection Model Using Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning

• Main Authors: Benavides-Astudillo, E. (Author), Fuertes, W. (Author), Nuñez-Agurto, D. (Author), Rodríguez-Galán, G. (Author), Sanchez-Gordon, S. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI 2023
• Subjects: BiGRU; BiLSTM; deep learning; GloVe; GRU; Keras embedding; LSTM; natural language processing; NLP; phishing
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher; View in Scopus

 Phishing is a type of cyber-attack that aims to deceive users, usually using fraudulent web pages that appear legitimate. Currently, one of the most-common ways to detect these phishing pages according to their content is by entering words non-sequentially into Deep Learning (DL) algorithms, i.e., regardless of the order in which they have entered the algorithms. However, this approach causes the intrinsic richness of the relationship between words to be lost. In the field of cyber-security, the innovation of this study is to propose a model that detects phishing attacks based on the text of suspicious web pages and not on URL addresses, using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and DL algorithms. We used the Keras Embedding Layer with Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe) to exploit the web page content’s semantic and syntactic features. We first performed an analysis using NLP and Word Embedding, and then, these data were introduced into a DL algorithm. In addition, to assess which DL algorithm works best, we evaluated four alternative algorithms: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Bidirectional GRU (BiGRU). As a result, it can be concluded that the proposed model is promising because the mean accuracy achieved by each of the four DL algorithms was at least 96.7%, while the best performer was BiGRU with 97.39%. © 2023 by the authors.