Hippocampal but Not Serum Cytokine Levels Are Altered by Traffic-Related Air Pollution in TgF344-AD and Wildtype Fischer 344 Rats in a Sex- and Age-Dependent Manner

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that air pollution is a significant risk factor for age-related dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been posited that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) promotes AD neuropathology by exacerbating neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis,...

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Main Authors: Bein, K.J (Author), Gorin, F.A (Author), Harvey, D.J (Author), Lein, P.J (Author), Patten, K.T (Author), Valenzuela, A.E (Author), Wallis, C. (Author), Wexler, A.S (Author)
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:View Fulltext in Publisher
LEADER 02701nam a2200289Ia 4500
001 10.3389-fncel.2022.861733
008 220517s2022 CNT 000 0 und d
020 |a 16625102 (ISSN) 
245 1 0 |a Hippocampal but Not Serum Cytokine Levels Are Altered by Traffic-Related Air Pollution in TgF344-AD and Wildtype Fischer 344 Rats in a Sex- and Age-Dependent Manner 
260 0 |b Frontiers Media S.A.  |c 2022 
856 |z View Fulltext in Publisher  |u https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.861733 
520 3 |a Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that air pollution is a significant risk factor for age-related dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been posited that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) promotes AD neuropathology by exacerbating neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, serum and hippocampal cytokines were quantified in male and female TgF344-AD rats and wildtype (WT) Fischer 344 littermates exposed to TRAP or filtered air (FA) from 1 to 15 months of age. Luminex™ rat 23-cytokine panel assays were used to measure the levels of hippocampal and serum cytokines in 3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-month-old rats (corresponding to 2, 5, 9, and 14 months of exposure, respectively). Age had a pronounced effect on both serum and hippocampal cytokines; however, age-related changes in hippocampus were not mirrored in the serum and vice versa. Age-related changes in serum cytokine levels were not influenced by sex, genotype, or TRAP exposure. However, in the hippocampus, in 3-month-old TgF344-AD and WT animals, TRAP increased IL-1ß in females while increasing TNF ɑin males. In 6-month-old animals, TRAP increased hippocampal levels of M-CSF in TgF344-AD and WT females but had no significant effect in males. At 10 and 15 months of age, there were minimal effects of TRAP, genotype or sex on hippocampal cytokines. These observations demonstrate that TRAP triggers an early inflammatory response in the hippocampus that differs with sex and age and is not reflected in the serum cytokine profile. The relationship of TRAP effects on cytokines to disease progression remains to be determined. Copyright © 2022 Patten, Valenzuela, Wallis, Harvey, Bein, Wexler, Gorin and Lein. 
650 0 4 |a air pollution 
650 0 4 |a Alzheimer’s disease 
650 0 4 |a cytokines 
650 0 4 |a IL-1β 
650 0 4 |a microglia 
650 0 4 |a neuroinflammation 
700 1 |a Bein, K.J.  |e author 
700 1 |a Gorin, F.A.  |e author 
700 1 |a Harvey, D.J.  |e author 
700 1 |a Lein, P.J.  |e author 
700 1 |a Patten, K.T.  |e author 
700 1 |a Valenzuela, A.E.  |e author 
700 1 |a Wallis, C.  |e author 
700 1 |a Wexler, A.S.  |e author 
773 |t Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience