Changes of Structural and Functional Attention Control Networks in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

• Main Authors: Duan, S. (Author), Guo, R. (Author), Huang, J. (Author), Lin, Z. (Author), Luo, D. (Author), Ma, S. (Author), Xie, L. (Author), Xu, W. (Author), Yin, J. (Author), Zheng, Y. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
• Subjects: adult; anterior cingulate; Article; attention; basal ganglion; BOLD signal; brain function; brain region; caudate nucleus; chemiluminescence immunoassay; Chinese; cingulate gyrus; clinical article; cognition; controlled study; electroencephalogram; free liothyronine index; frontal cortex; functional connectivity; functional magnetic resonance imaging; gray matter volume; human; inferior frontal gyrus; insula; middle temporal gyrus; nerve cell network; neuropsychological test; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; posterior cingulate; precuneus; prefrontal cortex; Stroop test; subclinical hypothyroidism; temporal gyrus; three-dimensional imaging; thyrotropin; voxel based morphometry; voxel-based morphometry; working memory
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 Objective: This study aimed to explore the structural changes in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to investigate the altered attentional control networks using functional MRI (fMRI) during the performance of a modified Stroop task with Chinese characters. Methods: High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images and an fMRI scan were taken from 18 patients with SCH and 18 matched control subjects. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Chinese-revised (MoCA-CR) and the Stroop task were used to evaluate the cognitive and attention control of the participants. Results: Compared to controls, the VBM results showed decreased gray matter volumes (GMVs) in bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFCs, including middle, medial, and inferior frontal gyri), cingulate gyrus, precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus, and insula in patients with SCH. The fMRI results showed a distributed network of brain regions in both groups, consisting of PFCs (including superior and middle and inferior frontal cortices), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus, as well as the insula and caudate nucleus. Compared to controls, the SCH group had lower activation of the above brain areas, especially during the color-naming task. In addition, the normalized GMV (nGMV) was negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (r = −0.722, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that patients with SCH exhibit reduced GMVs, altered BOLD signals, and activation in regions associated with attention control, which further suggest that patients with SCH may have attentional control deficiency, and the weakened PFC–ACC–precuneus brain network might be one of the neural mechanisms. Negative correlations between nGMV and TSH suggest that TSH elevation may induce abnormalities in the cortex. Copyright © 2021 Yin, Xie, Luo, Huang, Guo, Zheng, Xu, Duan, Lin and Ma.