An observation on the severity of periodontal disease in past cigarette smokers suffering from rheumatoid arthritis- evidence for a long-term effect of cigarette smoke exposure?
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cigarette smoking are both risk factors for periodontal disease (PD). Previous research suggests that systemic inflammatory conditions and cigarette smoking may act in synergy, and their co-occurrence leads to a much higher risk of developing severe stage PD...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BioMed Central Ltd.
2018
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | View Fulltext in Publisher |