Spatiotemporal Gait Measurement with a Side-View Depth Sensor Using Human Joint Proposals

• Main Authors: Czarnuch, S. (Author), Hynes, A. (Author), Kirkland, M.C (Author), Ploughman, M. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2021
• Subjects: adult; aged; algorithm; Algorithms; Article; Biomechanical Phenomena; biomechanics; body position; Depth sensor; Dijkstra's algorithm; dual-task performance (test); dyslipidemia; Expanded Disability Status Scale; Field of views; foot; gait; Gait; gait analysis; Gait measurements; Gait parameters; Graph algorithms; Graph theory; head; hip; human; human experiment; Humans; hypertension; Indirect measure; Intraclass correlation coefficients; joint proposals; knee; male; middle aged; migraine; Multiple joints; normal human; Pressure sensitive; reproducibility; Reproducibility of Results; shortest paths; side-view; Spatial parameters; spatiotemporal analysis; standing; step length; Stochastic systems; stride length; stride width; thigh; walking; Walking
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 We propose a method for calculating standard spatiotemporal gait parameters from individual human joints with a side-view depth sensor. Clinical walking trials were measured concurrently by a side-view Kinect and a pressure-sensitive walkway, the Zeno Walkway. Multiple joint proposals were generated from depth images by a stochastic predictor based on the Kinect algorithm. The proposals are represented as vertices in a weighted graph, where the weights depend on the expected and measured lengths between body parts. A shortest path through the graph is a set of joints from head to foot. Accurate foot positions are selected by comparing pairs of shortest paths. Stance phases of the feet are detected by examining the motion of the feet over time. The stance phases are used to calculate four gait parameters: stride length, step length, stride width, and stance percentage. A constant frame rate was assumed for the calculation of stance percentage because time stamps were not captured during the experiment. Gait parameters from 52 trials were compared to the ground truth walkway using Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients. The large spatial parameters had the strongest agreements with the walkway (ICC(2, 1) = 1.00 and 0.98 for stride and step length with normal pace, respectively). The presented system directly calculates gait parameters from individual foot positions while previous side-view systems relied on indirect measures. Using a side-view system allows for tracking walking in both directions with one camera, extending the range in which the subject is in the field of view. © 2013 IEEE.