| Summary: | As a critical factor of earth's ecosystem, vegetation is sensitive to climate change and its feedback has a pronounced effect on climate, hydrology, and ecology, etc. The quantitative sensitivity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to climate change has been investigated in the Yellow-Huai-Hai River Basin (YHHRB) covering multiple climatic zones. Based on multicollinearity test using the Variance Inflation Factor, four climatic factors and six landuse types were used as independent variables for NDVI simulation. The calibrated and validated statistical vegetation models denoted good performance using four machine learning algorithms. The ensemble results from the four machine learning modelling were used to assess the sensitivity of NDVI to temperature and precipitation change on annual and monthly scale. Based on historical climatic variability and future scenarios, eight hypothetical climatic scenarios for the changes in temperature and precipitation were used in this study. The results indicated that there were positive responses of NDVI to temperature and precipitation change. As an one °C increase in temperature, the NDVI was going to increase by 3.03%–5.79%, and it would increase by 3.35%–4.80% when the precipitation increased 10% in the YHHRB. Relatively, the NDVI was more sensitive to precipitation decrease than increase. The sensitivity of NDVI to temperature or precipitation was non-linear as temperature or precipitation changing for a specified climatic zone. Monthly, the sensitivity of NDVI to temperature change varied among the four climatic zones, but as precipitation increasing, the higher and lower sensitivity of NDVI were investigated in wetter and drier months, respectively. Spatially, the NDVI was more sensitive to temperature and precipitation in colder and drier areas, respectively. Landuse also has a significant impact on the sensitivity of NDVI to climate change. The results might be useful for understanding the climate-vegetation dynamics and landuse management under future climate change. © 2021 The Author(s)
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