Functional impairment-based segmentation of anterior cingulate cortex in depression and its relationship with treatment effects

• Main Authors: Chen, Z. (Author), Liu, H. (Author), Lu, Q. (Author), Pei, C. (Author), Shao, J. (Author), Wang, X. (Author), Yao, Z. (Author), Zhang, S. (Author), Zhang, Y. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley and Sons Inc 2021
• Subjects: adult; Adult; amygdala; Amygdala; anterior cingulate; anterior cingulate cortex; antidepressant agent; antidepressive agents; Article; brain function; cingulate gyrus; clinical outcome; connectome; Connectome; controlled study; Depressive Disorder, Major; diagnostic imaging; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; echo planar imaging; escitalopram; female; Female; fluoxetine; functional connectivity; functional magnetic resonance imaging; functional MRI; functional neuroimaging; Gyrus Cinguli; human; Humans; image segmentation; k means clustering; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; major clinical study; major depression; major depressive disorders; male; Male; middle aged; Middle Aged; monotherapy; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; outcome assessment; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; pathophysiology; prediction; prefrontal cortex; segmentation; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sertraline; statistical analysis; treatment outcome; treatment response; unsupervised machine learning; young adult; Young Adult
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 In major depressive disorder (MDD), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is widely related to depression impairment and antidepressant treatment response. The multiplicity of ACC subdivisions calls for a fine-grained investigation of their functional impairment and recovery profiles. We recorded resting state fMRI signals from 59 MDD patients twice before and after 12-week antidepressant treatment, as well as 59 healthy controls (HCs). With functional connectivity (FC) between each ACC voxel and four regions of interests (bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC] and amygdalae), subdivisions with variable impairment were identified based on groups' dissimilarity values between MDD patients before treatment and HC. The ACC was subdivided into three impairment subdivisions named as MedialACC, DistalACC, and LateralACC according to their dominant locations. Furthermore, the impairment pattern and the recovery pattern were measured based on group statistical analyses. DistalACC impaired more on its FC with left DLPFC, whereas LateralACC showed more serious impairment on its FC with bilateral amygdalae. After treatment, FCs between DistalACC and left DLPFC, and between LateralACC and right amygdala were normalized while impaired FC between LateralACC and left amygdala kept dysfunctional. Subsequently, FC between DistalACC and left DLPFC might contribute to clinical outcome prediction. Our approach could provide an insight into how the ACC was impaired in depression and partly restored after antidepressant treatment, from the perspective of the interaction between ACC subregions and critical frontal and subcortical regions. © 2021 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.