Maternal diet quality during pregnancy and child cognition and behavior in a US cohort

• Main Authors: Jacques, P.F (Author), Johnson, E.J (Author), Mahmassani, H.A (Author), Oken, E. (Author), Rifas-Shiman, S.L (Author), Scott, T.M (Author), Switkowski, K.M (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: NLM (Medline) 2022
• Subjects: adult; Adult; Alternate Healthy Eating Index; birth cohort; child; Child; child behavior; Child Behavior; child development; Child Development; Child, Preschool; childhood cognition; cognition; Cognition; cognitive development; diet; Diet Surveys; Diet, Healthy; early development; early-life nutrition; executive function; Executive Function; female; Female; human; Humans; infant; Infant; Infant, Newborn; intelligence; Intelligence; Linear Models; male; Male; maternal diet during pregnancy; maternal nutrition; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Mediterranean diet; mother; Mothers; neuropsychological test; Neuropsychological Tests; newborn; pregnancy; Pregnancy; prenatal exposure; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; prenatal nutrition; preschool child; programming; Prospective Studies; prospective study; psychology; statistical model; United States
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 BACKGROUND: Maternal intake of several nutrients during pregnancy is linked to offspring cognition. The relation between maternal dietary patterns and offspring cognition is less established. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine associations of maternal diet quality during pregnancy with child cognition and behavior. METHODS: Among 1580 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort, we assessed maternal diet during pregnancy using FFQs and evaluated diet quality using versions modified for pregnancy of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS-P) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-P). Child cognitive and behavioral outcomes were assessed using standardized tests and questionnaires at infancy and in early and mid-childhood. We conducted multivariable linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Mothers were predominantly white, college-educated, and nonsmokers. After adjustment for child age and sex and maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, maternal high (6-9) compared with low (0-3) MDS-P during pregnancy was associated with higher child Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-II) nonverbal (mean difference for first trimester: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.53, 7.56) and verbal scores (3.78; 95% CI: 1.37, 6.19) and lower Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Metacognition Index (-1.76; 95% CI: -3.25, -0.27), indicating better intelligence and fewer metacognition problems in mid-childhood. Maternal Q4 compared with Q1 AHEI-P during pregnancy was associated with higher Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities matching scores in early childhood (mean difference for first trimester: 2.79; 95% CI: 0.55, 5.04) and higher KBIT-II verbal scores (2.59; 95% CI: 0.13, 5.04) and lower BRIEF Global Executive Composite scores in mid-childhood (-1.61; 95% CI: -3.20, -0.01), indicating better visual spatial skills, verbal intelligence, and executive function. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal intake of a better-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with better visual spatial skills in the offspring at early childhood and with better intelligence and executive function in the offspring at mid-childhood. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.