Presence of Haemosporidia and Flaviviruses in Breeding Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea): An Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Trends in Infection Prevalence and Associations with Reproductive Success
As Neotropical migratory birds, Prothonotary Warblers are exposed to parasites in both tropical and temperate regions and may act as dispersal agents between geographic areas. This study identifies the prevalence of Haemosporidia, West Nile Virus (WNV), and St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) in th...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Others |
| Published: |
VCU Scholars Compass
2009
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1857 http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2856&context=etd |
| Summary: | As Neotropical migratory birds, Prothonotary Warblers are exposed to parasites in both tropical and temperate regions and may act as dispersal agents between geographic areas. This study identifies the prevalence of Haemosporidia, West Nile Virus (WNV), and St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) in this species. A total of 71.6% of captured Prothonotary Warblers were infected with Haemosporidia during the 2008 breeding season, and infection prevalence increased throughout the season. This temporal change in prevalence is likely due to infection relapse and transmission of new infections. No correlations between reproductive effort and infection status were observed, nor were any associations between infection prevalence and nest box location identified. WNV and SLEV were present in 37.5% and 6.3% of sampled Prothonotary Warblers, respectively. These results warrant more detailed analyses of pathogen transmission dynamics in this population, physiological mechanisms that affect infection susceptibility, and spatial and temporal trends in infection that may exist. |
|---|