| Summary: | There is always a margin of error concerning elevation data, which are considered one of the most important types of topographic information obtained from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Today, DEMs are the most useful data source for geospatial analysis and are highly requested. To achieve accuracy of DEMs, new techniques came out. Airborne Laser Scanning (LIDAR) and the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) are among the latest methods used in remote sensing to produce DEMs.The two techniques do not have the same advantages and disadvantages. Taking into account the morphology of terrain and factors related to vegetation, we have proceeded to various comparisons of topographic information obtained from ICES at elevation data, Canadian Digital Elevation Data (CDED), and SRTM models. We used more than 8 million points distributed in eight study areas throughout Canada. A comparison between CDED and SRTM indicated an RMSE of 11, 9 m. Vertical accuracy was found to be surface slope dependent. Comparisons made with ICESat LIDAR elevation points on SRTM and CDED models confirmed the important influence of slope on topographic information. ICES at produces excellent results in plane regions for slopes ? 5À (RMSE of 1, 5 m found in Manitoba). While comparing ICESat/SRTM with ICESat/DNEC, we observed that ICESat/SRTM presented the fewest errors. Errors between CDED and SRTM models are concentrated around a north-south axis, particularly in northern directions. ICESat/SRTM confirmed the concentration of errors in the northern directions. Comparisons showed that conifers are the species which had a major influence on the differences between the two models with an RMSE of 6,7 m.The density of vegetation does not have a significant impact on the topographic information between SRTM and CDED.The highest trees have more influence on the topographic information, with an RMSE above 5 m. However, vegetation does not influence ICES at and SRTM in the same manner. From the existing relation between contour interval and RMSE, we derived some topographical scale ranges which enable mapping with SRTM data at a scale better than 1: 250 000. For the most part, the observed RMSE between CDED and SRTM fulfills the 16 m RMSE specification for the SRTM mission. Despite the low distribution of ICESat elevation points, the importance of this satellite cannot be overemphasized: ICES at points remain a power validation tool in satellite altimetry.
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