Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up.
Introdução: O diagnóstico das mielopatias imunomediadas (IMM) é desafiante. Os doentes podem ser classificados como idiopáticos após investigação exaustiva ou mudar o diagnóstico durante o follow-up, pelo que pode haver implicações no que concerne a iniciar terapêutica preventiva de novos surtos. Es...
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Medicina clínica Clinical medicine Ciências médicas e da saúde::Medicina clínica Medical and Health sciences::Clinical medicine |
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Medicina clínica Clinical medicine Ciências médicas e da saúde::Medicina clínica Medical and Health sciences::Clinical medicine Leonardo Mendes Barbosa Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
description |
Introdução: O diagnóstico das mielopatias imunomediadas (IMM) é desafiante. Os doentes podem ser classificados como idiopáticos após investigação exaustiva ou mudar o diagnóstico durante o follow-up, pelo que pode haver implicações no que concerne a iniciar terapêutica preventiva de novos surtos. Esta investigação visa explorar as mudanças de diagnóstico durante o seguimento de doentes que tiveram um primeiro surto de IMM, com especial foco nos doentes classificados como idiopáticos (I-IMM), para evidenciar associações e fatores preditores para a mudança de diagnóstico e caracterizar a sua incapacidade funcional.
Métodos: Incluímos doentes adultos diagnosticados com um primeiro surto de IMM, com seguimento superior a um ano e admitidos entre 2007 e 2018. Avaliámos as características clínicas, diagnósticos inicial e final, mudança de diagnóstico, novos surtos e incapacidade funcional.
Resultados: Oitenta doentes cumpriram os critérios para o estudo, seguidos durante uma mediana de 62.5 meses (IQR 38.3-101.8), 61.3% do sexo feminino, mediana de 32.0 anos no primeiro surto (IQR 24.0-46.0). À alta, foram diagnosticados 48.8% Esclerose Múltipla-IMM (MS-IMM), 32.5% I-IMM, 12.5% Doenças do Espectro da Neuromielite Óptica-IMM (NMOSD-IMM) e 6.3% Outras IMM (O-IMM). Após a mediana de 17.5 meses (IQR 7.3-27.0), 25.0% dos doentes mudou o diagnóstico, 55.0% por evolução clínica, 40.0% por evolução imagiológica e 5.0% por resultados serológicos. Ao fim do follow-up, os doentes foram diagnosticados com: 68.8% MS-IMM, 16.3% NMOSD-IMM, 10.0% I-IMM e 5.0% O-IMM. Doentes I-IMM à alta que mudaram o diagnóstico durante o seguimento tinham menor Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) à admissão (p=0.016), menor incapacidade na marcha (p=0.072), menos sintomas esfincterianos (p=0.051), menos lesões com comprimento ≥ 3 segmentos vertebrais (p=0.028), mais lesões sugestivas de MS (p=0.042) e com envolvimento cervical (p=0.021) e maior incidência de recorrência (p=0.084). Foram identificados os seguintes fatores preditores de mudança de diagnóstico nos doentes com I-IMM à alta: marcha autónoma (p=0.029), lesões sugestivas de MS (p=0.039), número de lesões (p=0.043), lesões com comprimento < 3 segmentos vertebrais (p=0.033), envolvimento cervical (p=0.038), menor EDSS à admissão (p=0.013). Ao comparar com o grupo classificado como MS-IMM ab initio, os doentes classificados como MS-IMM durante o follow-up apresentavam menor EDSS à admissão e à data de alta (p=0.094 e p=0.085, respetivamente), com lesões na ressonância magnética cerebral pouco sugestivas de MS (p=0.048), e a presença de bandas oligoclonais positivas era menos frequente (p=0.002).
Conclusões: Várias tendências dos doentes diagnosticados com I-IMM à alta que mudaram o diagnóstico foram sugestivas de MS, o que é esperado visto que MS é a etiologia de IMM mais comum e, no primeiro surto, podem não cumprir critérios para o diagnóstico. A análise dos doentes reclassificados como MS-IMM durante o seguimento sugeriu que o não cumprimento dos critérios de disseminação temporal ou espacial ou apresentações menos severas poderão estar na origem do atraso no diagnóstico de MS-IMM. Como as mudanças de diagnóstico no ramo das IMM são comuns, estes doentes requerem um seguimento apertado e longo para serem corretamente diagnosticados e começar tratamento preventivo de novos surtos o mais precocemente possível com vista a preservar a sua capacidade funcional. === Introduction: Immune-mediated myelopathies (IMM) diagnoses are challenging and their etiology may remain unclear despite extensive investigation. Idiopathic etiology and/or diagnosis change during follow-up may have implications namely regarding treatment decision and timing of preventive therapy. Our investigation aimed to explore diagnostic changes during follow-up of patients presenting with a first clinical episode of IMM, focusing on Idiopathic IMM (I-IMM), to highlight associations and predictive factors for diagnostic change and characterize their disability.
Methods: We included adult patients diagnosed with a first clinical episode of IMM with at least one-year follow-up, admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2007 and 2018. We evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis at the time of hospital discharge, final diagnosis, reason for the diagnostic change, relapses, and disability.
Results: Eighty patients, with a median follow-up time of 62.5 months (IQR 38.3-101.8), met study criteria: 61.3% were female, with a median age at symptom onset of 32.0 years (IQR 24.0-46.0). At discharge, patients had the following diagnoses: 48.8% Multiple Sclerosis-IMM (MS-IMM), 32.5% I-IMM, 12.5% Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders-IMM (NMOSD-IMM), and 6.3% Others IMM (O-IMM). Twenty patients (25.0%) changed diagnosis after a median of 17.5 months (IQR 7.3-27.0). At the end of the follow-up, patients had the following diagnosis: 68.8% MS-IMM, 16.3% NMOSD-IMM, 10.0% I-IMM, and 5.0% O-IMM. Diagnostic changes occurred due to clinical evolution in 55.0%, imaging criteria in 40.0%, and 5.0% due to laboratory criteria. Eighteen I-IMM at discharge patients (69.2% of the I-IMM at discharge group) changed the diagnosis and were reclassified as MS-IMM (83.2%), NMOSD-IMM (11.1%), and O-IMM (5.6%). I-IMM at discharge patients who changed the diagnosis had lower Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) at admission (p=0.016), less autonomous gait incapacity (p=0.072), less sphincters symptoms (p=0.051), less lesions with length ≥ 3 vertebral bodies (p=0.028), more imaging findings suggestive of MS (p=0.042), more lesions with cervical involvement (p=0.021), and higher incidence of relapses (p=0.084). Predictive factors for diagnostic change in I-IMM in our cohort were: autonomous gait (p=0.029), lesions suggestive of MS (p=0.039), higher number of lesions (p=0.043), lesions' length < 3 vertebral bodies (p=0.033), cervical involvement (p=0.038), and lower EDSS at admission (p=0.013). Comparing to patients diagnosed with MS-IMM ab initio, those classified as MS-IMM during follow-up had more lesions not typical of MS (p=0.048) and lower EDSS at admission (p=0.094) and at discharge (p=0.085), and positive oligoclonal bands were less frequent (p=0.002).
Conclusions: Several trends discovered in I-IMM at discharge patients who changed the diagnosis are suggestive of MS-IMM, which is not surprising as MS is the most common IMM etiology, and, especially in the first clinical presentation, patients might not yet fulfill space and time dissemination criteria, needed for the definitive diagnosis. The analysis of the patients reclassified as MS-IMM during the follow-up suggests that the non-fulfillment of the time and space dissemination criteria and less severe presentations may delay the MS-IMM diagnosis. As etiologic reclassifications in IMM are common, these patients require an appropriate follow-up time to increase diagnostic accuracy and start long course therapy for relapse prevention as soon as possible and appropriate. |
author2 |
Faculdade de Medicina |
author_facet |
Faculdade de Medicina Leonardo Mendes Barbosa |
author |
Leonardo Mendes Barbosa |
author_sort |
Leonardo Mendes Barbosa |
title |
Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
title_short |
Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
title_full |
Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
title_fullStr |
Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
title_sort |
review of immune-mediated myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134468 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT leonardomendesbarbosa reviewofimmunemediatedmyelopathieschangeofdiagnosisduringpatientsfollowup |
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1719416759276011520 |
spelling |
ndltd-up.pt-oai-repositorio-aberto.up.pt-10216-1344682021-07-14T05:26:38Z Review of Immune-mediated Myelopathies: change of diagnosis during patients' follow-up. Leonardo Mendes Barbosa Faculdade de Medicina Medicina clínica Clinical medicine Ciências médicas e da saúde::Medicina clínica Medical and Health sciences::Clinical medicine Introdução: O diagnóstico das mielopatias imunomediadas (IMM) é desafiante. Os doentes podem ser classificados como idiopáticos após investigação exaustiva ou mudar o diagnóstico durante o follow-up, pelo que pode haver implicações no que concerne a iniciar terapêutica preventiva de novos surtos. Esta investigação visa explorar as mudanças de diagnóstico durante o seguimento de doentes que tiveram um primeiro surto de IMM, com especial foco nos doentes classificados como idiopáticos (I-IMM), para evidenciar associações e fatores preditores para a mudança de diagnóstico e caracterizar a sua incapacidade funcional. Métodos: Incluímos doentes adultos diagnosticados com um primeiro surto de IMM, com seguimento superior a um ano e admitidos entre 2007 e 2018. Avaliámos as características clínicas, diagnósticos inicial e final, mudança de diagnóstico, novos surtos e incapacidade funcional. Resultados: Oitenta doentes cumpriram os critérios para o estudo, seguidos durante uma mediana de 62.5 meses (IQR 38.3-101.8), 61.3% do sexo feminino, mediana de 32.0 anos no primeiro surto (IQR 24.0-46.0). À alta, foram diagnosticados 48.8% Esclerose Múltipla-IMM (MS-IMM), 32.5% I-IMM, 12.5% Doenças do Espectro da Neuromielite Óptica-IMM (NMOSD-IMM) e 6.3% Outras IMM (O-IMM). Após a mediana de 17.5 meses (IQR 7.3-27.0), 25.0% dos doentes mudou o diagnóstico, 55.0% por evolução clínica, 40.0% por evolução imagiológica e 5.0% por resultados serológicos. Ao fim do follow-up, os doentes foram diagnosticados com: 68.8% MS-IMM, 16.3% NMOSD-IMM, 10.0% I-IMM e 5.0% O-IMM. Doentes I-IMM à alta que mudaram o diagnóstico durante o seguimento tinham menor Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) à admissão (p=0.016), menor incapacidade na marcha (p=0.072), menos sintomas esfincterianos (p=0.051), menos lesões com comprimento ≥ 3 segmentos vertebrais (p=0.028), mais lesões sugestivas de MS (p=0.042) e com envolvimento cervical (p=0.021) e maior incidência de recorrência (p=0.084). Foram identificados os seguintes fatores preditores de mudança de diagnóstico nos doentes com I-IMM à alta: marcha autónoma (p=0.029), lesões sugestivas de MS (p=0.039), número de lesões (p=0.043), lesões com comprimento < 3 segmentos vertebrais (p=0.033), envolvimento cervical (p=0.038), menor EDSS à admissão (p=0.013). Ao comparar com o grupo classificado como MS-IMM ab initio, os doentes classificados como MS-IMM durante o follow-up apresentavam menor EDSS à admissão e à data de alta (p=0.094 e p=0.085, respetivamente), com lesões na ressonância magnética cerebral pouco sugestivas de MS (p=0.048), e a presença de bandas oligoclonais positivas era menos frequente (p=0.002). Conclusões: Várias tendências dos doentes diagnosticados com I-IMM à alta que mudaram o diagnóstico foram sugestivas de MS, o que é esperado visto que MS é a etiologia de IMM mais comum e, no primeiro surto, podem não cumprir critérios para o diagnóstico. A análise dos doentes reclassificados como MS-IMM durante o seguimento sugeriu que o não cumprimento dos critérios de disseminação temporal ou espacial ou apresentações menos severas poderão estar na origem do atraso no diagnóstico de MS-IMM. Como as mudanças de diagnóstico no ramo das IMM são comuns, estes doentes requerem um seguimento apertado e longo para serem corretamente diagnosticados e começar tratamento preventivo de novos surtos o mais precocemente possível com vista a preservar a sua capacidade funcional. Introduction: Immune-mediated myelopathies (IMM) diagnoses are challenging and their etiology may remain unclear despite extensive investigation. Idiopathic etiology and/or diagnosis change during follow-up may have implications namely regarding treatment decision and timing of preventive therapy. Our investigation aimed to explore diagnostic changes during follow-up of patients presenting with a first clinical episode of IMM, focusing on Idiopathic IMM (I-IMM), to highlight associations and predictive factors for diagnostic change and characterize their disability. Methods: We included adult patients diagnosed with a first clinical episode of IMM with at least one-year follow-up, admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2007 and 2018. We evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis at the time of hospital discharge, final diagnosis, reason for the diagnostic change, relapses, and disability. Results: Eighty patients, with a median follow-up time of 62.5 months (IQR 38.3-101.8), met study criteria: 61.3% were female, with a median age at symptom onset of 32.0 years (IQR 24.0-46.0). At discharge, patients had the following diagnoses: 48.8% Multiple Sclerosis-IMM (MS-IMM), 32.5% I-IMM, 12.5% Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders-IMM (NMOSD-IMM), and 6.3% Others IMM (O-IMM). Twenty patients (25.0%) changed diagnosis after a median of 17.5 months (IQR 7.3-27.0). At the end of the follow-up, patients had the following diagnosis: 68.8% MS-IMM, 16.3% NMOSD-IMM, 10.0% I-IMM, and 5.0% O-IMM. Diagnostic changes occurred due to clinical evolution in 55.0%, imaging criteria in 40.0%, and 5.0% due to laboratory criteria. Eighteen I-IMM at discharge patients (69.2% of the I-IMM at discharge group) changed the diagnosis and were reclassified as MS-IMM (83.2%), NMOSD-IMM (11.1%), and O-IMM (5.6%). I-IMM at discharge patients who changed the diagnosis had lower Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) at admission (p=0.016), less autonomous gait incapacity (p=0.072), less sphincters symptoms (p=0.051), less lesions with length ≥ 3 vertebral bodies (p=0.028), more imaging findings suggestive of MS (p=0.042), more lesions with cervical involvement (p=0.021), and higher incidence of relapses (p=0.084). Predictive factors for diagnostic change in I-IMM in our cohort were: autonomous gait (p=0.029), lesions suggestive of MS (p=0.039), higher number of lesions (p=0.043), lesions' length < 3 vertebral bodies (p=0.033), cervical involvement (p=0.038), and lower EDSS at admission (p=0.013). Comparing to patients diagnosed with MS-IMM ab initio, those classified as MS-IMM during follow-up had more lesions not typical of MS (p=0.048) and lower EDSS at admission (p=0.094) and at discharge (p=0.085), and positive oligoclonal bands were less frequent (p=0.002). Conclusions: Several trends discovered in I-IMM at discharge patients who changed the diagnosis are suggestive of MS-IMM, which is not surprising as MS is the most common IMM etiology, and, especially in the first clinical presentation, patients might not yet fulfill space and time dissemination criteria, needed for the definitive diagnosis. The analysis of the patients reclassified as MS-IMM during the follow-up suggests that the non-fulfillment of the time and space dissemination criteria and less severe presentations may delay the MS-IMM diagnosis. As etiologic reclassifications in IMM are common, these patients require an appropriate follow-up time to increase diagnostic accuracy and start long course therapy for relapse prevention as soon as possible and appropriate. 2021-07-12T23:53:25Z 2021-07-12T23:53:25Z 2021-05-10 2021-04-09 Dissertação sigarra:479690 https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134468 eng restrictedAccess application/pdf |