Safety Requirements and Distribution of Functions for Automated Valet Parking

• Main Author: Schönemann, Valerij
• Format: Others
• Language: en
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/9238/1/Dissertation_Sch%C3%B6nemann_2019_V1.pdf; Schönemann, Valerij <http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Sch=F6nemann=3AValerij=3A=3A.html> (2019): Safety Requirements and Distribution of Functions for Automated Valet Parking.Darmstadt, Technische Universität, [Ph.D. Thesis]

Automated valet parking (AVP) is a service which potentially releases the driver from the burden of parking the vehicle manually and saves his valuable time. However, the integration of AVP systems into today’s parking facilities may result in a mixed traffic of manually driven and automated vehicles. Thereby, function modules to execute the AVP Service can be placed inside the vehicle and/ or inside the infrastructure. The two yet unresolved research questions in such a scenario are the definition of necessary minimum criteria for a safe AVP service and the distribution of functions between the infrastructure and the automated vehicle. In particular, the definition of minimum criteria is required to ensure the necessary safety by design in the early system development phase. This thesis specifies such minimum criteria for AVP systems to minimize the risks of harm for future deployed AVP systems. The necessary safety design is derived for different topologies of parking garages by considering the needed cooperation between the infrastructure and the automated vehicle. In the first step, the lack of minimum criteria and the lack of possible AVP configurations is identified in the state-of-the-art. The methodology to identify minimum criteria is divided in three parts: minimum safety requirements, minimum required perception zone and minimum functional requirements. Minimum safety requirements define the parameters and corresponding thresholds that are required to be investigated. They prevent the AVP-system to cause potential hazards and critical situations. A minimum required perception and safety zone describe technology-independent, geometric-based and minimum safety-relevant areas around the ego-vehicle. The determination of necessary parameters for a collision-free stop is required in the minimum required perception zone. Additionally, minimum functional requirements are derived from defined scenarios. The functional requirements are assigned to function modules and form as system building blocks modular AVP system architecture. Minimum safety requirements, the minimum required perception zone and minimum functional requirements form the minimum criteria for the elaborated checklist. In the scope of this work, minimum criteria and impacts on costs, time efficiency, safety as well as availability serve as a justification to derive needed AVP configurations. Distributed functions range from the perception to the execution. A tradeoff exists between overall costs, time efficiency, safety and availability of AVP systems with today’s vehicles. AVP configurations and minimum criteria ease the migration of AVP systems in today’s existing and in newly constructed parking garages. Minimum criteria lay the foundation for the development of a necessary safety design.