| Summary: | Cette thèse analyse la protection de la santé dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne. Elle sera divisée en trois parties. Dans la première on aborde la compétence de l’Union en matière de santé en soulignant le rôle des articles 168 et 114 TFUE et des principes de subsidiarité et solidarité. Dans la deuxième, consacré au marché intérieur, on explore la libre circulation des médecines, le droit d’établissement des personnes physiques et morales engagé dans les activités économiques liées à la santé et finalement la mobilité des patients comme forme spécifique de la libre prestation de services. Dans la troisième, on s’interroge si la santé est un droit fondamental selon l’art. 35 de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union Européenne en utilisant les trois obligations classiques –tirées du droit international- de protéger, respecter et accomplir ; enfin, on examine le principe de non-discrimination en relation à l’accès aux soins médicaux et le consentement éclairé. === The thesis aims at analysing the right to health and its protection in the legal order of the European Union. The first chapter assesses EU's health competences, introduced for the first time by the Maastricht Treaty and now codified into art. 168 TFEU. It identifies some specific sectors in which the EU can act and others, as the organisation of national health systems, that remain on the scope of domestic legislation. The second chapter examines health related derogations and mandatory requirements concerning the free moment of goods, the right of establishment and the freedom to provide services. For this reason it is divided into three sections. The first is devoted to pharmaceutical products. The second analyses the mutual recognition of medical qualifications and the domestic hindrance to the establishment of health operators. The third concerns patients' mobility and how the case law of the Court of Justice has been transposed in a piece of secondary legislation. Taking into consideration the binding value of the Charter of fundamental rights, the third chapter focuses on the role of the right to health in EU law. The structure is thus consistently threefold. The first section, in the light of the few cases so far appeared, questions the existence of the right to health. In the second one, it is analysed using some international conventions in order to assess the impact of the obligations to protect, to respect and to fulfil and, eventually, the link between the principle of non-discrimination vis-á-vis the access to healthcare. The last section examines the right to informed consent in clinical trials and the donation of biological materials.
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