| Summary: | The aim of this work is to re-construct the mentality of the 1930s in Czechoslovakia. Methodologically, it is based on the Belgian concept of "worldview" (Center Leo Apostel), "a symbolic system of representation that allows us to integrate everything we know about the world and ourselves into a global picture." From this perspective, every text represents a certain worldview (the boundary between literary and nonliterary texts isn't relevant). Stanley Fish's notion of "interpretative community", defined generally, is transferred into literary history, where it allows to divide cultural field into plural subcultures. In the second part, I analyse the identity of the nation in terms of cultural and political relations with other countries. The Sudeten crisis means crisis of the national identity, questioning of the state borders and thus of the existing Order. Other tendencies, typical for the Czech literature of the 1930s, are the disputes between democratic and totalitarian principles, between Modernism and Conservatism, between apolitical and politicized literature. Other current topics are e.g. reflection of a Jew, conception of "labour" and in this framework oscilation between Masaryk's democratic conception and forced labour in the context of dictatorship or the vision of the "crisis of civilization"...
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