Nerovnovážná termodynamika malých systémů

• Main Author: Holubec, Viktor
• Other Authors: Chvosta, Petr
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: Czech
• Published: 2009
• Online Access: http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-275601

Title: Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Small Systems Author: Viktor Holubec Department: Institute of Theoretical Physics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Petr Chvosta, CSc., Department of Macromolecular Physics Abstract: We investigate a microscopic engine based on an externally controlled two-level system. One cycle of the engine operation consists of two strokes. Within each stroke, the two energy levels are driven with a time-independent rate. The occupation probabilities of the two levels are controlled by the underlying Pauli rate equation and they represent the (delayed) system response in respect to the external driving. We give the exact solution of the dynamical equation and discuss its thermodynamical consequences. In between, we investigate the engine's efficiency, the power output, and the performance dependence on the control parameters. Secondly, we introduce an augmented stochastic process which reflects, at a given time, both the occupation probabilities for the two levels and the work done on the system during the previous evolution. Our exact calculation of the evolution operator for the augmented process allows for a detailed discussion of the probability density for the work done during the cycle of the engine operation. In the strongly irreversible regime, the density exhibits important...