| Summary: | Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited === Fearful of large refugee flows, and the possible spillover of ethnic violence into other Balkan countries, the international community has become increasingly involved in trying to negotiate a peaceful settlement in the Kosovo crisis. Thus far, however, the lack of international community resolve to present a common position, and the intransigence of both the Serbian and Kosovar parties, has enabled the belligerent leaders to manipulate the situation. This thesis will explore Serbian and Kosovar historical national identities and their development, and the modern nationalist movements in the region and their leaders. Finally, the utility of the current leaders and levers that may be used by the international community to pressure or influence them will be evaluated. Presenting policy options and analysis for conflict resolution without the use of peacekeeping military forces, this thesis highlights the most feasible options which allow for U.S. and international community involvement, while enabling the Serbs and Kosovars to solve the crisis in a way that is amenable to both parties and will bring long-term stability to the region
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