South Africa’s diplomatic strategy on migrants, with specific reference to the United Nations refugee regime, 1994-2009

• Main Author: Naidoo, Beulah Lilian
• Other Authors: Schoeman, Maxi
• Published: University of Pretoria 2013
• Subjects: United nations high commissioner for refugees; Status of refugees; 1951 united nations refugee convention; United nations refugee regime; Migrant; African agenda; International refugee law; Diplomatic actors; South Africa's diplomatic strategy; South Africa’s multilateral diplomacy; UCTD
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28629; Naidoo, BL 2012, South Africa’s diplomatic strategy on migrants, with specific reference to the United Nations refugee regime, 1994-2009 , MDiplomatic Studies dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28629 >; http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02132013-033459/

South Africa is seen as a major destination for refugees and asylum-seekers and is, according to the 2010 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world’s highest destination country for asylum-seekers, mainly from Sub-Saharan Africa. Following the 1994 democratic elections, there was a transformation in foreign policy, embracing the African Agenda, and South Africa became a major country of destination because of its relative prosperity in Africa. As a State Party to the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention on the Status of Refugees, South Africa is under a legal obligation to protect refugees and grant them legal rights. At the same time, South African citizens, who had legitimate aspirations that the 1994 democratic government would address their development challenges, opposed the significant flow of refugees into the country by violent acts of xenophobia. The government, seen as a moral authority internationally with human rights being a key principle underpinning its foreign policy, found itself between the promotion of the African Agenda and its commitments to its own citizens. The refugee issue was addressed in the United Nations where the government made multilateral diplomacy a central platform of its foreign policy, a policy embedded in Africa and the South. South Africa is used as a case study to determine how it used multilateral diplomacy in the United Nations refugee regime through its coalition, the African Group, to address the migration issue. The study draws out the weaknesses of the international refugee regime by discussing the roles of two important diplomatic actors: the sovereign states in the United Nations General Assembly, and the international organization mandated to supervise the international refugee regime, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. South Africa’s foreign policy objective of promoting the African Agenda at times conflicts with the promotion of its national interest. Its progressive Constitution (1996) provides economic, social, and cultural rights to refugees, to the resentment of its own citizens, who view the refugees as beneficiaries of the United Nations. The study provides a critical analysis of South Africa’s multilateral diplomacy, and also provides the following recommendations where South Africa could use this mode more effectively to address the migration issue: Reform the international refugee regime; Allocate funds from the United Nations regularly assessed budget to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; and, Develop an international normative regulatory framework for irregular migrants. === Dissertation (MDiplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2012. === Political Sciences === Unrestricted