| Summary: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-108). === The aim of this study is to examine the variability in the wind regime at diurnal, seasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales. Meteorological measurements including wind speed, wind direction and air pressure collected at Dias Point Lighthouse (260 38.094'S 150 05.612'E) at hourly to eight-hourly intervals from 1960 to 2006 are analysed. Known instrument changes in the time series are validated where possible. Predominant winds at Lüderitz blow parallel to the South to North alignment of the coast. Ekman divergence in response to longshore, equatorward wind stress drives coastal upwelling at Lüderitz, the main centre of upwelling in the Benguela Current System. Wind stress is proportional to the square of the wind speed parallel to the coast and is a proxy for upwelling. A diurnal intensification of wind speeds occurred in all seasons at Lüderitz with a concomitant change in wind direction from south in the early morning to southwest in the afternoon. Pressure changes over the continent due to daytime heating and night-time cooling of the land underlie this variability. Southwesterly winds predominate throughout the year at Lüderitz. Maximum wind stress occurs in the austral summer with a fourfold decrease in wind stress during the austral winter. Highest wind stress was recorded from November to January and lowest wind stress from May to July. The wind mixing index, a measure of turbulent mixing calculated from total wind speed cubed, follows the same seasonal pattern indicating the predominance of southerly winds. The wind minimum at Lüderitz is caused by weakened pressure gradients due to the latitudinal northwesterly shift in the position of the South Atlantic Anticyclone in winter combined with a pressure increase over the continent.
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