African regional integration track: challenges and prospects

• Main Author: Madala, Sithembele
• Other Authors: Ordor, Ada
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: English
• Published: University of Cape Town 2018
• Subjects: commercial law
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28337

Africa has been very slow in effectively implementing regional integration and trade agreements and has made little progress to achieve its stated objectives, especially the goal of eradicating poverty and promoting development. In addition, the economic integration model currently being pursued in Africa suffers from several challenges and has not achieved its goals, because of among other things, weak legal and institutional frameworks, and lack of support from ordinary African citizens and the private sector. In light of the above, this research investigate the appropriateness of this model. This research begins with the theoretical discussions of integration and identifies the existing gaps within the African regional integration process. This reveals that there are not only foundational and definitional disparities within the African regional integration process but also that Africa lacks the necessary prerequisite for any successful regional integration. In particular, this research reveals that the institutions that are mandated to accelerate regional integration process lack the necessary capacity to achieve regional integration process. The discussions of theories behind regional economic integration reveals that the understanding of regional integration in Africa are rooted in the economic understanding of regionalism with insufficient attention given to the importance of strong institutional and legal frameworks and a human centred development. Importantly, these discussions reveal that the European integration economic model that was a success in European Community has been adopted in Africa without reviewing its appropriateness for the continent. The debates of the history of African regional integration in Africa demonstrate that regional integration process is not a new phenomenon in Africa and that African leaders have always embraced integration and have perceived it as a way of addressing Africa’s social and economic challenges. Importantly, the discussions of the history demonstrate the role African leaders played in fighting colonialism and dismantling the apartheid system in South Africa. Unfortunately, these discussions also show that after independence Africa was a continent faced with many challenges. In particular, history shows that after independence African leaders gave little support to Pan Africanism which had been driving force behind decolonisation and became oppressive and in many instances, committed human rights violations against their own people. This state of affairs has led to economic development being sacrificed. The discussions of the benefits of economic integration shows that while there are benefits linked to economic integration such as the reduction of poverty and development in countries such as China, India and Thailand, for Africa is unable to deal with the challenge of poverty and underdevelopment . African countries continue to witness increasing levels of poverty and poor development while few businesses and political elites remain the main beneficiaries of the economic integration model. The analyses of the institutional and legal structures reveal that the institutions mandated with regional integration and the laws governing regional integration process are either weak or nonexistence. This is demonstrated by the slow implementation of regional projects. Even though Africa has made significant steps to facilitate its regional integration, it has been unable to deal with the challenges confronting the continent, especially the rising levels of poverty and underdevelopment. While this this research supports and approves the steps that have been adopted to facilitate regional integration and trade, nevertheless this research observes that institutions that are mandated to drive regional integration have been unable to promote African regional integration. Africa lacks the necessary infrastructure and human capacity to achieve regional integration. The research question therefore is whether the economic integration model currently being pursued in Africa under its existing framework is the appropriate model for African regional integration since it is not supported by a proper legal system and the African people and does not directly address the issues that confront ordinary African citizens? While the author observes that Africa has considerably improved its trade and strengthened its integration process, the author nevertheless concludes that the economic integration model currently being pursued in Africa is unlikely to succeed, because it does not take into account African realities and lacks the necessary prerequisites for successful economic integration.