| Summary: | Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. === ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Gated communities are a rapidly growing global residential occurrence and the
long-term impact of this phenomenon on the urban landscape is of great
importance to planners, local and provincial governments, urban decisionmakers,
and legislation policies. The assignment is a comprehensive literature
study, because in South Africa only the CSIR (BOUTEK) recently attempted to
explain this fairly new development type. Internationally extensive studies have
been conducted in the USA and Europe, although only in the last decade.
In the study the term "gated community" is conceptualised, the general
characteristics of gated communities, the pros and cons of the enclosed
communities are discussed. The discussion focuses on the postmodern theory
movement and how it relates to gated communities, with examples from the
USA, especially Los Angeles. Additionally, the history of gated communities is
discussed from Greek times to modern times and an overview is given of the
international debate on gated communities. The debate emphasises important
issues such as safety and security, exclusion, privacy, urban fragmentation and
other issues.
The last chapter looks at the current situation of gated communities in South
Africa and the effect that apartheid had on the urban structure. Gated
communities in South Africa are unique compared to other countries and a
summary is given on the positive and negative features of gated communities in
South Africa. The fear of crime is growing in South Africa, and the number of
gated communities or enclosed neighbourhoods are growing daily, and calls for
in-depth studies of this phenomenon in South Africa. Although there seems to
be an increasing trend in larger cities to enclose areas, requests for
neighbourhood enclosures have also been received by smaller cities and towns.
Most of the metropolitan areas tend to have policies in place, or are in the
process of compiling policies to regulate road closures and gated communities. === AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslote gemeenskappe is 'n vinnig groeiende globale residensiële gebeurtenis
en die langtermyn impak wat hierdie fenomeen het op stedelike landskap is
baie belangrik vir beplanners, plaaslike en provinsiale regerings, stedelike
besluitnemers, en wetgewende beleide. Die werkstuk is 'n omslagtige
literatuurstudie, omdat in Suid-Afrika het die WNNR (BOUTEK) onlangs probeer
om die taamlik nuwe ontwikkelingstipe te verklaar. Internasionale uitgebreide
studies is al gedoen deur die VSA en Europa, alhoewel net in die laaste
dekade.
In hierdie studie word die term "geslote gemeenskappe" gekonseptualiseer, die
algemene kenmerke van geslote gemeenskappe, die positiewe en negatiewe
eienskappe van geslote gemeenskappe bepreek. Die bespreking fokus op die
postmoderne teorie beweging en hoe dit verwant is aan geslote
gemeensakppe, met voorbeelde van die VSA, veral Los Angeles. Gevolglik
word daar gekyk na die geskiedenis van geslote gemeenskappe vanaf die
Griekse tye tot die moderne tye en 'n oorsig word gegee van die internasionale
debat op geslote gemeenskappe. Die debat beklemtoon belangrike kwessies
soos veiligheid en sekuriteit, uitsluiting, privaatheid, stedelike opbreking en baie
meer.
Die laaste hoofstuk kyk na die huidige toestand van geslote gemeenskappe in
Suid-Afrika en die effek wat apartheid gehad het op die stedelike struktuur.
Geslote gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika is uniek in vergelyking met ander lande
en 'n opsomming word gegee op die positiewe en negatiewe eienskappe van
geslote gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika. Die angs vir geweld groei in Suid-Afrika
en die hoeveelheid geslote gemeendskappe groei ook daagliks, en dus styg die
noodsaaklikheid vir in-diepte studies van hierdie verskynsel in Suid-Afrika.
Alhoewel dit wil voorkom dat daar 'n stygende tendens in groter stede is om
areas te omsluit, is die aanvrae vir geslote gemeenskappe ook gekry van
kleiner stede en dorpe. Meeste van die metropolitaanse areas neig om beleide
in plek te hê, of is in die proses om beleide te struktureer vir die beheer van
padsluitings en geslote gemeenskappe.
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