| Summary: | Thesis (M.Sc.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. === ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is well known that smoke and aqueous smoke solutions promote the germination of
certain seeds. This has considerable practical implications for restoration in fire prone
areas like the Cape fynbos. The aqueous smoke solution (more commonly known as
smoke water) can be used in restoration projects to stimulate seeds to germinate faster
so that a wide diversity of plants can be established rapidly. Smoke water is made
using different methods and different plant materials. This inevitably results in different
concentrations of smoke water. Although made in different ways, different smoke
waters may all have an enhancing effect on seed germination.
In this study, the germination of Grand Rapids lettuce seed was used to determine the
differences between five different types of smoke water. Germination was done in a
controlled environment, using through-flow germination boxes (patent no.
ZA2000/1832, registered 1114/2000) instead of traditional petri dishes. The
differences in the concentrations were determined using bioassays. A very strong
concentration of smoke water damaged the seed and a very weak concentration did not
have any enhancing effect on germination. The concentrations of the different smoke
waters were compared to a standard smoke solution (the first smoke solution ever
made, that of De Lange & Boucher (1990». The different concentrations of the
smoke solutions were determined by comparing them to the standard, using a best fit
line on the germination graphs. Each of the smoke solutions tested is given a "delb"
rating (after De Lange & Boucher), with the standard smoke water being 1 delb. The
delb value is used to determine the dilution factor for each smoke solution.
It is concluded that the five smoke solutions tested all differed from each other
emphasizing the need for quality control in commercial and experimental applications. === AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is wel bekend dat rook en vloeibare rook oplossings (rookwater) die ontkieming
van sekere sade bespoedig. Dit het groot praktiese implikasies vir hervestiging in
gebiede met gereelde vuur, soos die Kaapse fynbos. Die rookwater kan in
hervestiginsprojekte gebruik word om sade te stimuleer om vinniger te ontkiem om
sodoende 'n groot diversiteit van plante vinnig te vestig. Rookwater word op
verskillende maniere en met verskillende materiaal vervaardig. Dit kan lei tot
verskillende konsentrasies rookwater, alhoewel al die verskillende rookwaters 'n
stimulerende effek op saadontkieming kan bewerkstellig.
In hierdei studie is Grand Rapids slaai saad gebruik om die verskille tussen vyf
verskillende rookwaters te ondersoek. Ontkieming was in 'n beheerde atmosfeer
gedoen en deurvloei ontkiemingsbakke (patent nr. ZA2000/1832, geregistreer
11/4/2000) is gebruik, i. p. v. traditionele petri bakkies. Die verskille in konsentrasies
is gemeet m. b. v. biotoetse. 'n Baie serk konsentrasie het die sade beskadig en 'n baie
flou konsentrasie het geen stimulerende effek op ontkieming gehad nie. Die
konsentrasie van die verskillende rookwaters is vergelyk teenoor 'n standaard
rookwater (die eerste rookwater ooit gemaak, die van De Lange en Boucher (1990».
Die verskillende rookwater konsentrasies is bepaal deur dit met die standaard te
vergelyk m. b. v. 'n regressie lyn op die ontkiemingsgrafieke. Elke rookwater getoets
kry dan 'n "delb" waarde (n. a. v. De Lange & Boucher), met die standard gelyk aan 1
delb. Die delb waarde word gebruik om die optimale verdunning van elke rookwater
te bepaal.
Daar word opgesom dat al die rookwaters getoets wel van mekaar verskil en dit
beklemtoon die waarde van kwaliteits beheer in kommersiële en eksperimentele
toepassings.
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