A research on Shijiao: the ritual traditions of fashi in South China.

• Other Authors: Huang, Jianxing.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Exorcism; Exorcism > China; Shamanism; Shamanism > China
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549836; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-328464

“师教“指的是中国南方各地以驱邪为核心的各类法师仪式及其背后相关的一整套宗教文化，涉及神灵、法坛、庙宇、仪式戏剧、习俗、法器和传说故事等宗教事象。作为南方地区最为流行的宗教传统之一，师教是历史上儒释道三教与民间巫文化传统不断碰撞、融合的产物。不可否认，师教不是一个统一而有组织的宗教，各地法师教派的起源传说多是因地而异，其仪式细节也都不尽相同。换句话说，它是地方传统而非严格意义上的国家统一宗教。但是，各地法师仪式传统不仅紧密相联，而且还存在着很多的共同点，以至于我们不能将其视为“一盘散沙“，而应该把它当作一个相关联的宗教“系统“来研究。因此，本文的目的在于“建构“师教。它的内容是什么？各地法师仪式有何共同的特征？通过对各地法师仪式传统的比较研究，本文意在探讨师教的仪式特征、提取其仪式结构，构建其发展脉络，从而显示它与“三教“的关系，更为重要的是它与民间巫（童乩）的联系和区别。此后我们才能尝试进一步探讨一些更大的理论性问题。一旦它被适当描述，我相信“师教作为一个研究词汇的作用将会变得更加突出。 === Shijiao refers to all kinds of fashi rituals that focus on exorcism, and the whole set of religious culture related to them, including deities, ritual altars, temples, ritual theatres, customs, ritual implements and tales of deities and fashi, etc. As one of the most popular religion in South China, it is a historical product of confrontations between the three “higher“ national religions and Shamanism (medium-based). Admittedly, it is not a “unified and organized religion“. Its history is different in every locality, and its rituals are diversified in different regions. To put it another way, they are local religious traditions rather than being a national tradition. However, these ritual traditions are not only interlinked but they also share so many commonalities in their modes of expression and systematization that they should be regarded as one system/tradition rather than as “a loose rope of sand“ for the purpose of research. Thus, the main aim of this thesis will be the “constructed category“ of Shijiao: What is it? What is its common ground? Through a comprehensive comparative study of local Fashi ritual traditions in South China, this dissertation has explored its main ritual characteristics, extracted its ritual structure, constructed its developmental stages, and show not only how it is different from the Sanjiao三教, but more importantly, how it differentiates from Shamanism (Wu). Once properly described, I believe the usefulness of “Shijiao“ as an analytic term will become clear. Only after that, could we productively discuss some larger theoretical questions. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Huang, Jianxing. === Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 325-340). === Abstracts also in Chinese. === English abstract --- p.iii === Chinese abstract --- p.vii === Acknowledgements --- p.IX === Introduction --- p.1 === Chapter Chapter 1. --- A Brief Historical Survey of Shijiao --- p.41 === Chapter 1.1 --- Contributions of Shamanism --- p.41 === Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions of Daoism --- p.50 === Chapter 1.3 --- Contributions of Buddhism --- p.57 === Chapter 1.4 --- Contributions of Other Religious Traditions --- p.62 === Chapter Chapter 2. --- Ritual Traditions and the Pantheon of Shijiao --- p.67 === Chapter 2.1 --- Origin Tales of the Fashi Ritual Traditions --- p.67 === Chapter 2.2 --- The Concrete Expressions of Shijiao --- p.83 === Chapter 2.3 --- The Pantheon of Shijiao --- p.109 === Chapter Chapter 3. --- The Classification of Shijiao Rituals and Its Main Characteristics --- p.129 === Chapter 3.1 --- The Classification of Shijiao Rituals --- p.129 === Chapter 3.2 --- The Main Characteristics of Shijiao Rituals --- p.138 === Chapter Chapter 4. --- The Inheritance System of Shijiao --- p.173 === Chapter 4.1 --- The Transmission Ritual of Shijiao --- p.174 === Chapter 4.2 --- The Collective Transmission Rituals of the She and the Yao --- p.198 === Chapter 4.3 --- The Shijiao funeral ritualan extension of the transmission ritual --- p.224 === Chapter Chapter 5. --- The Close Relationship between the Fashi and the Tongji --- p.239 === Chapter 5.1 --- A Brief Historical Survey on the Relationship between the Fashi and the Tongji --- p.239 === Chapter 5.2 --- The Fashi and the Tongji as Seen through Fieldwork --- p.241 === Chapter 5.3 --- The Tongji Transmission Ritual --- p.243 === Chapter Chapter 6. --- The Cult of the Deified Fashi --- p.275 === Chapter 6.1 --- Tales of the Fashi --- p.275 === Chapter 6.2 --- Expressions of the Fashi Cult --- p.286 === Chapter Chapter 7. --- The Transformation of Shijiao in China Today --- p.301 === Chapter 7.1 --- The Policy of Title Granting of the Gods in the Song --- p.302 === Chapter 7.2 --- The Present Intangible Culture Heritage Project --- p.307 === Conclusion --- p.319 === Bibliography --- p.325 === Appendices --- p.341