漢語給予義動詞語法化的研究.

• Other Authors: 羅奇偉.
• Format: Others
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2012
• Subjects: Chinese language > Verb; Chinese language > Grammaticalization
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549374; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-328373

本文詳細討論「給予」義動詞「給」各種用法的歷時發展情況及其語法化歷程。 === 在現代漢語裏，「給」的用法十分繁多，除了「給予」義，又兼表與格標記、與事標記（包括受益者標記、受損者標記和向格標記）、處置式標記、使役用法以及被動標記等用法。通過詳細考察先秦至現代凡二千多年的文獻資料，本文證明，「給」先後在先秦和漢代發展出「給予」義和與格標記用法，並在明、清兩代從兩條不同的語法化路徑產生出其他用法：其一，在明代時，前置式與格結構「給+IO+V+DO」的與格標記「給」語法化為受益者標記，然後受益者標記再語法化出向格標記、受損者標記和處置式標記三種用法；其二，在明代時，連動結構「V+DO+給+ IO+VP」為使役動詞「給」的產生提供了句法、語義條件。使役動詞「給」在明代產生以後，不斷發展成熟，並在清代時產生出「容許」、「聽任」等語義，然後進一步語法化為被動標記用法。 === 本文分為七章：第一章為「緒論」，概述現有的研究成果以及本文的研究課題；第二章討論「給」表「給予」義的來源問題以及其歷時發展情況；第三章討論三種與格結構的歷時發展情況。第四章至第六章分別討論與事標記、處置式標記和被動標記的歷時發展情況以及其語法化歷程；最後，第七章為「結語」，總結全文的所論，並展望日後進一步的研究。 === This thesis provides a detailed study of the GIVE verb gĕi 給in Mandarin Chinese, with a focus on the historical process of grammaticalization that it underwent since ancient times. === In Mandarin Chinese, gĕi , which basically means “to give, performs multiple syntactic functions, including those as a causative verb, a dative marker, a benefactive marker, a malefactive marker, an allative marker, a disposal marker, and a passive marker. Based on a thorough examination of texts of various sorts from the Pre-Qin to Modern periods, this thesis argues that gĕi acquired its meaning “to give in the Pre-Qin period, developed into a dative marker in the Han period, and eventually took on other grammatical functions through two different paths of grammaticalization. One of the pathways was the extension through which the preverbal dative marker became a benefective marker in the Ming dynasty, a function from which the uses as an allative marker, a malefactive marker and a disposal marker were derived. The other pathway was one through which the serial verb construction [ V+DO+GEI+ IO+VP ] provided the syntactic condition for the causative use also in the Ming Dynasty. The causative use subsequently gave rise to the meaning “to permit/“let in the Qing Dynasty, and gĕi later became the marker of the passive. === This thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter One is an introduction, with a brief account of previous discussions on gĕi and also a general description of the topics I will discuss in this thesis. Chapter two deals with the ways in which gĕi acquired the meaning “to give and its various usages in ancient Chinese. Chapter Three describes the diachronic development of three types of dative construction. The following three chapters examine the different processes of grammaticalization that gĕi went through in its diachronic development. Chapter Four focuses on its uses as a benefactive marker, a malefactive marker and an allative marker. Chapter Five focuses on its use as a diposal marker. Chapter Six focuses on its uses as a causative verb and a passive marker. Chapter seven is a conclusion, with a summary of the major findings in the thesis. It also highlights some of the issues that await further investigations in our study of the multi-functional gĕi in Chinese. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === 羅奇偉. === Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-309) === Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. === Abstracts in Chinese and English. === Luo Qiwei. === Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 === Chapter 第一節 --- 基本概念、術語簡介 --- p.1 === Chapter 第二節 --- 「給」用法概述 --- p.5 === Chapter 1.2.2 --- 「給」表「給予」義動詞用法 --- p.7 === Chapter 1.2.3 --- 「給」表與格標記（dative marker）用法 --- p.9 === Chapter 1.2.4 --- 「給」表使役用法（causative）用法 --- p.11 === Chapter 1.2.5 --- 「給」表被動標記（passive marker）用法 --- p.13 === Chapter 1.2.6 --- 「給」表與事標記用法 --- p.15 === Chapter 1.2.7 --- 「給」表處置式標記（disposal marker）用法 --- p.16 === Chapter 1.2.8 --- 助詞「給」 --- p.20 === Chapter 第三節 --- 「給」字語法化的研究概況 --- p.22 === Chapter 第四節 --- 本文的研究目標及研究方法 --- p.26 === Chapter 第二章 --- 「給」表「供給」義及「給予」義 --- p.31 === Chapter 第一節 --- 「給」表「供給」義 --- p.31 === Chapter 第二節 --- 「給」表「給予」義的來源 --- p.37 === Chapter 第三節 --- 「給」表「給予」義的歷時發展概況 --- p.61 === Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.86 === Chapter 第三章 --- 「給」表與格標記用法 --- p.88 === Chapter 第一節 --- 居中式：NP₁+V+給+NP₂+NP₃ --- p.89 === Chapter 第二節 --- 後置式：NP₁+V+ NP₃+給+NP₂ --- p.125 === Chapter 第三節 --- 前置式：NP₁+給+ NP₂+V+ NP₃ --- p.137 === Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.139 === Chapter 第四章 --- 「給」表與事標記用法 --- p.141 === Chapter 第一節 --- 「給」表受益者標記用法 --- p.141 === Chapter 第二節 --- 「給」表受損者標記用法 --- p.165 === Chapter 第三節 --- 「給」表向格標記用法 --- p.171 === Chapter 第四節 --- 與事標記「給」的語法化歷程 --- p.175 === Chapter 4.4.1 --- 「給」表受益者標記用法的語法化歷程 --- p.176 === Chapter 4.4.2 --- 「給」表受損者標記用法的語法化歷程 --- p.185 === Chapter 4.4.3 --- 「給」表向格標記用法的語法化歷程 --- p.186 === Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.187 === Chapter 第五章 --- 「給」表處置式標記用法 --- p.188 === Chapter 第一節 --- 「給」表處置式標記用法的特點 --- p.188 === Chapter 第二節 --- 近代漢語「給」表處置式標記 --- p.198 === Chapter 第三節 --- 「給」表處置式標記用法的語法化歷程 --- p.218 === Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.235 === Chapter 第六章 --- 「給表」使役和被動標記用法 --- p.236 === Chapter 第一節 --- 「給」表使役用法 --- p.236 === Chapter 第二節 --- 「給」表被動標記用法 --- p.243 === Chapter 第三節 --- 「給」表使役和被動標記用法的語法化歷程 --- p.254 === Chapter 6.3.1 --- 「給」表使役用法的語法化歷程 --- p.254 === Chapter 6.3.2 --- 「給」表被動標記用法的語法化歷程 --- p.260 === Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.272 === Chapter 第七章 --- 結語 --- p.274 === 徵引文獻 --- p.286 === 參考書目 --- p.300