Effects of pesticides on biomarker gene expressions in zebrafish embryo-larvae.

• Other Authors: Chow, Wing Shan.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Zebra danio > Genetics; Pesticides > Physiological effect; Zebrafish > genetics; Pesticides > adverse effects
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894082; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-326749

Chow, Wing Shan. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-129). === Abstract also in Chinese. === Abstract --- p.i === 摘要 --- p.iv === Acknowledgements --- p.viii === Table of Contents --- p.ix === List of Tables --- p.xiii === List of Figures --- p.xv === List of Abbreviations --- p.xviii === Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1 --- Pesticide contaminations in the environment --- p.1 === Chapter 1.2 --- Pesticides --- p.1 === Chapter 1.2.1 --- Usage of pesticide in the world --- p.1 === Chapter 1.2.2 --- Organochlorine (OC) pesticides --- p.3 === Chapter 1.2.3 --- Organophosphate (OP) pesticides --- p.4 === Chapter 1.2.4 --- Carbamate pesticides: --- p.6 === Chapter 1.2.5 --- Pyrethroid pesticides: --- p.6 === Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicological model: Zebrafish --- p.7 === Chapter 1.4 --- Biomarkers --- p.9 === Chapter 1.4.1 --- Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) --- p.12 === Chapter 1.4.2 --- Cytochrome P450 3A65 (CYP3A65) --- p.14 === Chapter 1.4.3 --- Biomarker for estrogenicity - Vitellogenin (VTG1) --- p.15 === Chapter 1.4.4 --- Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) --- p.18 === Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Catalase (CAT) --- p.18 === Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Glutathion S-transferase (GST) --- p.19 === Chapter 1.4.5 --- Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR1) --- p.20 === Chapter 1.4.6 --- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) --- p.21 === Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of this study --- p.26 === Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Toxicity assay and biomarker studies on zebrafish embryo-larvae exposed to organochlorine pesticides: endosulfan, heptachlor and methoxychlor" --- p.28 === Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.28 === Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.30 === Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemicals tested --- p.30 === Chapter 2.2.2 --- Zebrafish cultivation and egg production --- p.30 === Chapter 2.2.3 --- Determination of 96h-EC50 and 96h-LC50 of organochlorine pesticides and bisphenol-A for zebrafish embryo-larvae --- p.31 === Chapter 2.2.4 --- Pesticide exposure for determination of mRNA levels of biomarkers --- p.31 === Chapter 2.2.5 --- Extraction of total RNA from the exposed embryo-larvae samples --- p.32 === Chapter 2.2.6 --- Reverse Transcription --- p.33 === Chapter 2.2.7 --- Quantifications of mRNA levels by qPCR --- p.35 === Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Primer design --- p.35 === Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Validation of qPCR conditions --- p.36 === Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- Quantification of biomarker gene expression levels in zebrafish embryo-larvae --- p.42 === Chapter 2.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.43 === Chapter 2.3. --- Results --- p.44 === Chapter 2.3.1 --- Toxicities of OC pesticides and bisphenol-A --- p.44 === Chapter 2.3.2 --- Effects of OC pesticides and bisphenol-A on biomarker gene expression levels --- p.44 === Chapter 2.4. --- Discussions --- p.60 === Chapter 2.4.1 --- Toxicities of OC pesticides and bisphenol-A --- p.60 === Chapter 2.4.2 --- Effects of OC pesticides on CYP1A gene expression --- p.61 === Chapter 2.4.3 --- Effects of OC pesticides on CYP3A65 gene expression --- p.61 === Chapter 2.4.4 --- Effects of OC pesticides on VTG1 gene expression --- p.63 === Chapter 2.4.5 --- Effects of OC pesticides on MDR1 gene expression --- p.64 === Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.65 === Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Toxicity assay and biomarker studies on zebrafish embryo-larvae exposed to a organochlorine pesticide, chlorpyrifos" --- p.66 === Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 === Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.68 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chemicals tested --- p.68 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Zebrafish cultivation and egg production --- p.68 === Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determination of 96h-EC50 and 96h-LC50 of chlorpyrifos for zebrafish embryo-larvae --- p.68 === Chapter 3.2.4 --- Pesticide exposure for determination of mRNA levels of biomarkers --- p.68 === Chapter 3.2.5 --- Extraction of total RNA from the exposed embryo-larvae samples --- p.69 === Chapter 3.2.6 --- Reverse Transcription --- p.69 === Chapter 3.2.7 --- Quantifications of mRNA levels by qPCR --- p.70 === Chapter 3.2.7.1 --- Primer design --- p.70 === Chapter 3.2.7.2 --- Validation of qPCR conditions --- p.70 === Chapter 3.2.7.3 --- Quantification of biomarker gene expression levels in zebrafish embryo-larvae --- p.75 === Chapter 3.2.8 --- Determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities --- p.76 === Chapter 3.2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.77 === Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.78 === Chapter 3.3.1 --- Toxicities of chlorpyrifos --- p.78 === Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effects of chlorpyrifos on CAT and GST gene expression levels --- p.81 === Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity --- p.83 === Chapter 3.4 --- Discussions --- p.86 === Chapter 3.4.1 --- Toxicity of chlorpyrifos --- p.86 === Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effect of chlorpyrifos on CAT and GST gene expressions --- p.86 === Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effect of chlorpyrifos on AChE activity --- p.88 === Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.89 === Chapter Chapter 4 --- Toxicity assay and biomarker studies on zebrafish embryo-larvae exposed to carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides --- p.90 === Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.90 === Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.92 === Chapter 4.2.1 --- Chemicals tested --- p.92 === Chapter 4.2.2 --- Zebrafish cultivation and egg production --- p.92 === Chapter 4.2.3 --- Determination of 96h-EC50 and 96h-LC50 of aldicarb and cypermethrin for zebrafish embryo-larvae --- p.92 === Chapter 4.2.4 --- Pesticide exposure for determination of mRNA levels of biomarkers --- p.92 === Chapter 4.2.5 --- Quantification of biomarker gene expression levels in zebrafish embryo- larvae and Determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity --- p.94 === Chapter 4.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.94 === Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.95 === Chapter 4.3.1 --- Toxicities of aldicarb and cypermethrin --- p.95 === Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effects of aldicarb and cypermethrin on CAT and GST gene expression levels.. --- p.99 === Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effects of aldicarb on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity --- p.102 === Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.105 === Chapter 4.4.1 --- Toxicity of aldicarb of cypermethrin --- p.105 === Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of aldicarb and cypermethrin on CAT and GST gene expressions --- p.105 === Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of aldicarb on AChE activity --- p.107 === Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.108 === Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusion --- p.109 === Chapter 5.1 --- Toxicities of pesticides --- p.109 === Chapter 5.2 --- Effects of OC pesticides on biomarker gene expressions --- p.113 === Chapter 5.3 --- "Effects of chlorpyrifos, aldicarb and cypermetrhin on biomarker gene expressions" --- p.116 === Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of chlorpyrifos and aldicarb on AChE activity --- p.116 === References --- p.118