Influence of salinity on urea and ammonia metabolism in silver seabream (Sparus sarba).

• Other Authors: Luk, Chun-yin.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2001
• Subjects: Sparus > Physiology; Salinity > Physiological effect; Urea > Metabolism; Ammonia > Metabolism; Fishes > Adaptation
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890678; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-323395

Luk Chun-yin. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-131). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === ABSTRACT --- p.i === ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv === LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x === LIST OF TABLES --- p.xii === Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 === Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 === Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.7 === Chapter 2.2 --- Ammonia chemistry --- p.10 === Chapter 2.3 --- Ammonia metabolism and excretion --- p.11 === Chapter 2.3.1 --- Ammonia production --- p.11 === Chapter 2.3.2 --- Blood levels of ammonia --- p.12 === Chapter 2.3.3 --- Ammonia Excretion --- p.17 === Chapter 2.4 --- Urea metabolism and excretion --- p.23 === Chapter 2.4.1 --- Urea Chemistry --- p.23 === Chapter 2.4.2 --- Urea production in fishes --- p.24 === Chapter 2.4.3 --- Argininolysis --- p.25 === Chapter 2.4.4 --- Uricolysis --- p.26 === Chapter 2.4.5 --- Ornithine-urea Cycle (OUC) --- p.28 === Chapter 2.4.5.1 --- Tilapia inhabiting the highly alkaline Lake Magadi --- p.32 === Chapter 2.4.5.2 --- High Ambient Ammonia --- p.33 === Chapter 2.4.5.3 --- Air Exposure --- p.34 === Chapter 2.4.5.4 --- Toadfishes --- p.34 === Chapter 2.4.6 --- Blood urea concentration --- p.35 === Chapter 2.4.7 --- Urea excretion in fishes --- p.37 === Chapter 2.4.7.1 --- Branchial urea excretion in fishes --- p.37 === Chapter 2.4.7.2 --- Mechanisms of renal excretion in fishes --- p.40 === Chapter 2.5 --- Influence of environmental salinity on nitrogen excretion in teleosts --- p.42 === Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- BODY COMPOSITION AND UREA BIOSYNTHESIS OF SPAR US SARBA IN DIFFERENT SALINITIES --- p.46 === Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 === Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.49 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Experimental animals --- p.49 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.49 === Chapter 3.2.3 --- Water chemistry analysis --- p.50 === Chapter 3.2.4 --- Hematological parameters --- p.50 === Chapter 3.2.5 --- Metabolite and electrolyte contents --- p.51 === Chapter 3.2.6 --- Hepatic enzymes activities --- p.51 === Chapter 3.2.6.1 --- Tissue preparation --- p.51 === Chapter 3.2.6.2 --- Carbamyl phosphate synthetases (CPSases; E.C. 2.7.2.5) --- p.52 === Chapter 3.2.6.3 --- Ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCTase; E.C. 2.1.3.3) --- p.53 === Chapter 3.2.6.4 --- Argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS; E.C. 6.3.4.5) --- p.54 === Chapter 3.2.6.5 --- Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL; E.C. 4.3.2.1) --- p.54 === Chapter 3.2.6.6 --- Arginase (ARG; 3.5.3.1) --- p.55 === Chapter 3.2.6.7 --- Glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) --- p.55 === Chapter 3.2.6.8 --- Uricase (E.C. 1.7.3.3) --- p.56 === Chapter 3.2.6.9 --- Allantoinase --- p.57 === Chapter 3.2.6.10 --- Allantoicase --- p.57 === Chapter 3.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.58 === Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.59 === Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Changes in hepatosmatic index, renal somatic index, muscle water and lipid content and hematological parametersin response to different salinity acclimation" --- p.59 === Chapter 3.3.2 --- Changes in serum chemistry in response to different salinity acclimation --- p.60 === Chapter 3.3.3 --- Changes in hepatic ornithine-urea cycle enzyme activitiesin response to different salinity acclimation --- p.61 === Chapter 3.3.4 --- Changes in GDHase and uricolytic enzyme activitiesin response to different salinity acclimation --- p.62 === Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.71 === Chapter 3.4.1 --- Hematological responses --- p.72 === Chapter 3.4.2 --- Muscle moisture content --- p.74 === Chapter 3.4.3 --- Circulating electrolyte levels --- p.75 === Chapter 3.4.4 --- Circulating metabolites levels --- p.77 === Chapter 3.4.5 --- Urea metabolism --- p.80 === Chapter 3.4.5.1 --- Ornithine-urea cycle enzymes --- p.80 === Chapter 3.4.5.2 --- Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase isozymes --- p.81 === Chapter 3.4.5.3 --- Uricolytic pathway and argininolysis --- p.85 === Chapter 3.4.5.4 --- Influence of salinity on urea metabolism --- p.86 === Chapter 3.4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.87 === Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EFFECT OF SALINITY ON NITROGEN EXCRETION OF SPARUS SARBA --- p.88 === Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 === Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.91 === Chapter 4.2.1 --- Experimental animals --- p.91 === Chapter 4.2.2 --- Experimental protocol --- p.92 === Chapter 4.2.3 --- Determination of net ammonia and urea excretion rates --- p.94 === Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.94 === Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.95 === Chapter 4.3.1 --- Net ammonia-N and urea-N excretion rates --- p.95 === Chapter 4.3.2 --- Changes in net ammonia-N and urea-N excretion ratesin response to abrupt hyposmotic exposure --- p.95 === Chapter 4.3.3 --- Changes in net ammonia-N and urea-N excretion rates after exposure to amiloride for 3 hours --- p.96 === Chapter 4.3.4 --- Changes in net urea-N excretion rates in response to elevated body urea levels --- p.96 === Chapter 4.3.5 --- Changes in net ammonia-N excretion rates in response to elevated body ammonia levels --- p.97 === Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.106 === Chapter 4.4.1 --- Influence of environmental salinity on net ammonia-N and urea-N excretion rates --- p.106 === Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of amiloride on nitrogen excretion --- p.109 === Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of increased body ammonia on ammonia excretion --- p.113 === Chapter 4.4.4 --- Changes in net urea-N excretion rates in response to elevated body urea levels --- p.113 === Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.114 === Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- GENERAL CONCLUSION --- p.115 === references --- p.119