Elderly women with osteoporotic fracture: from clinical and biochemical assessments, bone density studies to bisphosphonate treatment.

• Other Authors: Or, Pui Ching.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2000
• Subjects: Osteoporosis > diagnosis; Osteoporosis > therapy; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis > Hong Kong; Bone Diseases; Bone Diseases > Hong Kong; Spinal Fractures; Spinal Fractures > Hong Kong; Adult
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890448; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-323013

Or Pui Ching. === Thesis submitted in: December 1999. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-201). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === acknowledgement --- p.i === abstract (english version) --- p.ii === abstract (chinese version) --- p.vii === table of contents --- p.xi === abbreviations --- p.xvi === list of tables --- p.xviii === list of figures --- p.xxii === Chapter chapter 1. --- introduction --- p.1 === Chapter chapter 2. --- literature review --- p.3 === Chapter 2.1. --- Bone structure --- p.3 === Chapter 2.1.1. --- Composition --- p.3 === Chapter 2.1.2. --- Cortical and Trabecular bone --- p.3 === Chapter 2.2. --- Bone Remodeling --- p.4 === Chapter 2.3. --- Bone Mass --- p.5 === Chapter 2.3.1. --- Peak Bone Mass --- p.5 === Chapter 2.3.1.1. --- Racial and Genetic Factors --- p.5 === Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Gonadal Factors --- p.6 === Chapter 2.3.1.3. --- Nutrition Factors --- p.6 === Chapter 2.3.1.4. --- Exercise and Physical Activity --- p.7 === Chapter 2.3.2. --- Bone Loss --- p.7 === Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Determinants of Osteoporotic Bone Loss --- p.7 === Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Estrogen Deficiency --- p.8 === Chapter 2.3.2.3. --- Dietary Calcium deficiency and Vitamin D deficiency --- p.8 === Chapter 2.3.2.4. --- Physical Activity --- p.9 === Chapter 2.3.2.5. --- Alcoholism and Smoking --- p.9 === Chapter 2.3.2.6. --- Disease-specific Osteoporosis --- p.9 === Chapter 2.3.2.7. --- Drug-induced Osteoporosis --- p.10 === Chapter 2.3.3. --- Bone Mass and Fracture Risk --- p.11 === Chapter 2.4. --- Clinical Presentation of Osteoporosis --- p.12 === Chapter 2.4.1. --- Vertebral Fractures --- p.12 === Chapter 2.4.1.1. --- Radiological Aspects of Vertebral Fracture --- p.13 === Chapter 2.4.1.1.1. --- Changes in Trabecular Pattern --- p.13 === Chapter 2.4.1.1.2. --- Changes in Shape of the Vertebral bodies --- p.13 === Chapter 2.4.1.1.3. --- Changes of Intervertebral Discs --- p.14 === Chapter 2.4.1.2. --- Back Pain --- p.15 === Chapter 2.4.2. --- Hip Fractures --- p.15 === Chapter 2.4.3. --- Quality of Life --- p.16 === Chapter 2.5. --- Treatment of Established Osteoporosis --- p.18 === Chapter 2.5.1. --- Pain Relief --- p.18 === Chapter 2.5.2. --- Drug Therapy --- p.19 === Chapter 2.5.2.1. --- Calcium Supplement --- p.19 === Chapter 2.5.2.2. --- Vitamin D --- p.20 === Chapter 2.5.2.3. --- Estrogen --- p.21 === Chapter 2.5.2.4. --- Fluorides --- p.22 === Chapter 2.5.2.5. --- Calcitonin --- p.23 === Chapter 2.5.2.6. --- Bisphosphonates --- p.24 === Chapter 2.5.2.6.1. --- Physicochemical effects --- p.27 === Chapter 2.5.2.6.2. --- Mechanisms --- p.27 === Chapter 2.5.2.6.3. --- Therapeutic Use --- p.27 === Chapter 2.5.2.6.4. --- Side effects --- p.29 === Chapter 2.5.2.6.5. --- Alendronate --- p.30 === Chapter 2.5.2.7. --- Summary of drug treatment --- p.33 === Chapter 2.6. --- Diagnostic Methods of Osteoporosis --- p.40 === Chapter 2.6.1. --- Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Osteoporosis --- p.40 === Chapter 2.6.1.1. --- Bone Formation Markers --- p.41 === Chapter 2.6.1.1.1. --- Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (bALP) --- p.41 === Chapter 2.6.1.2. --- Bone Resorption Markers --- p.42 === Chapter 2.6.1.2.1. --- Deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) --- p.43 === Chapter 2.6.2. --- Bone Densitometry --- p.45 === Chapter 2.6.2.1. --- Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) --- p.45 === Chapter 2.6.2.2. --- Peripheral Quatitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) --- p.47 === Chapter 2.6.2.3. --- Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) --- p.48 === Chapter 2.6.3. --- Summary of Diagnostic Methods --- p.49 === Chapter chapter 3. --- methodology --- p.50 === Chapter 3.1. --- Study on Vertebral Structures --- p.51 === Chapter 3.1.1. --- Procedures --- p.51 === Chapter 3.1.2. --- Data analysis --- p.53 === Chapter 3.2. --- Alendronate Treatment --- p.54 === Chapter 3.2.1. --- Subject Selection --- p.54 === Chapter 3.2.2. --- Study design and drug administration --- p.55 === Chapter 3.2.3. --- Bone Densitometry --- p.56 === Chapter 3.2.3.1. --- Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry --- p.56 === Chapter 3.2.3.2. --- Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) --- p.58 === Chapter 3.2.4. --- Biochemical Markers --- p.63 === Chapter 3.2.4.1. --- Bone formation marker --- p.63 === Chapter 3.2.4.2. --- Bone resorption marker --- p.64 === Chapter 3.2.5. --- Quality of Life --- p.65 === Chapter 3.2.6. --- New fracture assessment --- p.66 === Chapter 3.2.7. --- Statistical analysis --- p.67 === Chapter 3.3. --- Proximal femur fracture study --- p.68 === Chapter 3.3.1. --- Subject and study design --- p.69 === Chapter 3.3.2. --- Statistical analysis --- p.70 === Chapter chapter 4. --- results of study on vertebral structures --- p.71 === Chapter 4.1. --- Results of morphological change of vertebral bodes in osteoporotic patients --- p.71 === Chapter 4.2. --- Morphological changes of intervertebral discs --- p.71 === Chapter 4.3. --- Correlation between morphological changes of vertebrae and bulging ratio --- p.72 === Chapter chapter 5. --- results of alendronate study --- p.76 === Chapter 5.1. --- Baseline measurement --- p.76 === Chapter 5.1.1. --- Demographic characteristics --- p.76 === Chapter 5.1.2. --- Reasons for admission --- p.77 === Chapter 5.1.3. --- Social support --- p.77 === Chapter 5.1.4. --- Number of vertebral fracture(s) --- p.78 === Chapter 5.1.5. --- BMD measurement (Baseline) --- p.79 === Chapter 5.1.5.1. --- BMD of Lumbar spine and Hip (measured by DEXA) --- p.79 === Chapter 5.1.5.2. --- BMD of distal tibia and radius measured by pQCT --- p.80 === Chapter 5.1.6. --- Biochemical Markers (Bone formation and resorption) --- p.86 === Chapter 5.2. --- After treatment --- p.88 === Chapter 5.2.1. --- Bone mineral density measurement (measured by DEXA) --- p.90 === Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Lumbar spine --- p.90 === Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Femoral Neck --- p.93 === Chapter 5.2.1.3. --- Trochanter --- p.95 === Chapter 5.2.1.4. --- Ward's Triangle --- p.98 === Chapter 5.2.1.5. --- Summary --- p.101 === Chapter 5.2.2. --- Bone Mineral Density measured by pQCT --- p.103 === Chapter 5.2.2.1. --- Distal Radius (Program 1) --- p.103 === Chapter 5.2.2.1.1. --- BMD change of D50 --- p.103 === Chapter 5.2.2.1.2. --- BMD changes of D100 --- p.106 === Chapter 5.2.2.1.3. --- BMD change of P100 --- p.108 === Chapter 5.2.2.2. --- Distal Radius (Program 2) --- p.111 === Chapter 5.2.2.2.1. --- BMD change of pure trabecular bone --- p.112 === Chapter 5.2.2.2.2. --- BMD changes of pure cortical bone --- p.114 === Chapter 5.2.2.3. --- Distal Tibia (Program 1) --- p.118 === Chapter 5.2.2.3.1. --- BMD changes of D50 --- p.118 === Chapter 5.2.2.3.2. --- BMD changes of D100 --- p.121 === Chapter 5.2.2.3.3. --- BMD changes of P100 --- p.124 === Chapter 5.2.2.4. --- Distal Tibia (Program 2) --- p.128 === Chapter 5.2.2.4.1. --- BMD changes of pure trabecular bone --- p.128 === Chapter 5.2.2.4.2. --- BMD changes of pure cortical bone --- p.131 === Chapter 5.2.3. --- Bone turnover --- p.135 === Chapter 5.2.3.1. --- Bone Resorption Marker (urinary Deoxypyridinoline) --- p.135 === Chapter 5.2.3.2. --- Bone Formation Marker (Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase) --- p.137 === Chapter 5.2.4. --- Quality of Life (QOL) --- p.139 === Chapter 5.2.5. --- Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) --- p.139 === Chapter 5.2.6. --- Pain --- p.141 === Chapter 5.2.6.1. --- Pain frequency --- p.141 === Chapter 5.2.6.2. --- Night Pain --- p.142 === Chapter 5.2.6.3. --- Administration of pain relief drugs --- p.143 === Chapter 5.2.7. --- Activity of daily living --- p.144 === Chapter 5.2.8. --- Prevention of new vertebral fracture(s) --- p.146 === Chapter 5.2.9. --- Safety and Tolerability --- p.147 === Chapter chapter 6. --- results on proximal femoral fractures study --- p.149 === Chapter 6.1. --- Epidemiological study on proximal femoral fractures --- p.149 === Chapter 6.2. --- The role of ultrasound equipment in the assessment osteoporosis in patients with proximal femoral fractures --- p.154 === Chapter 6.3. --- Summary --- p.155 === Chapter chapter 7. --- discussion --- p.156 === Chapter 7.1. --- The study on vertebral structures --- p.156 === Chapter 7.1.1. --- Changes in Shape of Vertebral Bodies --- p.156 === Chapter 7.1.2. --- Changes of Interevertbral Discs --- p.157 === Chapter 7.2. --- Alendronate treatment on Chinese elderly women with Osteoporotic vertebral fracture --- p.158 === Chapter 7.2.1. --- The Effect of Alendronate on BMD of Lumbar Spine --- p.159 === Chapter 7.2.2. --- The Effects of Alendronate on BMD of Proximal Femur --- p.159 === Chapter 7.2.3. --- The Effects of Alendronate on the BMD of Trabecular and Cortical Bone in the Distal Radius and Distal Tibia --- p.160 === Chapter 7.2.4. --- The Effects of Calcium Supplementation in the study --- p.162 === Chapter 7.2.5. --- The Effect of alendronate on Biochemical Turnover --- p.162 === Chapter 7.2.6. --- The Efficacy of Alendronate on Prevention of New Fractures --- p.163 === Chapter 7.2.7. --- The Effect of Alendronate on Quality of Life --- p.164 === Chapter 7.2.8. --- Adverse Effects of Alendronate --- p.165 === Chapter 7.3. --- Proximal Femur Fracture Study --- p.165 === Chapter chapter 8. --- conclusion --- p.168 === bibliography --- p.174 === epilogue --- p.202 === appendix --- p.xxv