Ecotoxicological studies of shipping operational oily wastes in Hong Kong.

• Other Authors: Lai, Ho-yan.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 1999
• Subjects: Oil pollution of the sea; Oil pollution of the sea > China > Hong Kong; Petroleum waste > Environmental aspects; Petroleum waste > Environmental aspects > China > Hong Kong; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons > Toxicology; Marine pollution > Environmental aspects; Marine pollution > Environmental aspects > China > Hong Kong
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896327; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-322818

Lai Ho-yan. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-122). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.I === ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.II === ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.IV === TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.VI === LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IX === LIST OF TABLES --- p.V === INTRODUCTION --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 === Chapter 1.2 --- Sources of oil pollution --- p.1 === Chapter 1.3 --- Composition of oil --- p.4 === Chapter 1.4 --- Fate of oil in the environment --- p.6 === Chapter 1.5 --- Toxic effect of oil on marine ecosystem --- p.8 === Chapter 1.5.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.8 === Chapter 1.5.2 --- Chronic toxicity --- p.9 === Chapter 1.5.3 --- Carcinogenicity of oil --- p.11 === Chapter 1.6 --- The origins of ecotoxicology --- p.12 === Chapter 1.7 --- Need for ecotoxicity tests --- p.13 === Chapter 1.8 --- Testings in ecotoxicology --- p.15 === OBJECTIVES --- p.17 === MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.18 === Chapter 1. --- Collection of oily wastes samples --- p.18 === Chapter 2. --- Preparation of samples --- p.18 === Chapter 2.1 --- Water-soluble fraction --- p.19 === Chapter 2.2 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.20 === Chapter 2.2.1 --- Supercritical fluid extraction --- p.20 === Chapter 2.2.2 --- Silica gel chromatography --- p.22 === Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sample concentration --- p.22 === Chapter 3. --- Chemical analyses of oily wastes --- p.26 === Chapter 3.1 --- Determination of heavy metal concentration in oily waste samples --- p.26 === Chapter 3.1.1 --- Nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion --- p.26 === Chapter 3.1.2 --- Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometric analysis --- p.26 === Chapter 3.2 --- Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in oily waste samples --- p.28 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in water- soluble fraction --- p.28 === Chapter a. --- Liquid-liquid extraction --- p.28 === Chapter b. --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of water-soluble fraction --- p.29 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in crude oily waste samples --- p.32 === Chapter a. --- Supercritical fluid extraction and silica gel column chromatography --- p.32 === Chapter b. --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.33 === Chapter 4 --- ecotoxicological studies of oily wastes --- p.34 === Chapter 4.1 --- Toxicity tests and sample preparation --- p.34 === Chapter 4.2 --- Ecotoxicological studies of water soluble fraction --- p.34 === Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Growth inhibition test on a marine alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2" --- p.34 === Chapter 4.2.2 --- "Survival test on a marine amphipod, Elasmopus rapax" --- p.39 === Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Survival test on a marine fish, Ambassis gymnocephalus" --- p.41 === Chapter 4.2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.43 === Chapter 4.3. --- Ecotoxicological studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.45 === Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Growth inhibition test on a marine alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2" --- p.45 === Chapter 4.3.2 --- "Survival test on a amphipod, Parhyale plumulosa" --- p.45 === Chapter 4.3.3 --- "Survival test on the fish, Sparus sarba" --- p.47 === Chapter 4.3.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.49 === Chapter 5. --- Statistical analyses of chemical and ecotoxicological analyses --- p.50 === RESULTS --- p.51 === Chapter 1. --- Chemical analyses of oily wastes --- p.51 === Chapter 1.1 --- Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometric analysis --- p.51 === Chapter 1.1.1 --- Heavy metal concentration in crude oily wastes --- p.51 === Chapter 1.1.2 --- Heavy metal concentration in water-soluble fraction --- p.51 === Chapter 1.1.3 --- Heavy metal concentration in ploy cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.54 === Chapter 1.2 --- Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis --- p.54 === Chapter 1.2.1 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in crude oily wastes --- p.54 === Chapter 1.2.2 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration in water-soluble fraction --- p.59 === Chapter 1.2.3 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.61 === Chapter 2. --- Ecotoxicological studies of oily wastes --- p.63 === Chapter 2.1 --- Ecotoxicological studies of water-souble fraction --- p.63 === Chapter 2.1.1 --- Growth inhibition test on Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.63 === Chapter 2.1.2 --- Survival test on Elasmopous rapax --- p.63 === Chapter 2.1.3 --- Survival test on Ambassis gymnocephalus --- p.67 === Chapter 2.1.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.67 === Chapter 2.2 --- Ecotoxicological studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.70 === Chapter 2.2.1 --- Growth inhibition test on Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.70 === Chapter 2.2.2 --- Survival test on Parhyale plumulosa --- p.70 === Chapter 2.2.3 --- Survival test on Sparus sarba --- p.74 === Chapter 2.2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.74 === Chapter 3. --- Statistical analyses of chemical and ecotoxicological studies --- p.77 === Chapter 3.1 --- Statistical analyses of studies on water-soluble fraction --- p.77 === Chapter 3.1.1 --- Correlation between heavy metal concentration in water-soluble fraction and toxicity tests --- p.77 === Chapter 3.1.2 --- Correlation between concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in water-soluble fraction and toxicity tests --- p.80 === Chapter 3.1.3 --- Correlation among acute toxicity tests --- p.80 === Chapter 3.2 --- Statistical analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.84 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Correlation between heavy metal level and toxicity tests --- p.84 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Correlation between total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction and toxicity tests --- p.84 === Chapter 3.2.3 --- Correlation between four acute toxicity tests --- p.88 === DISCUSSION --- p.91 === Chapter 1 --- Chemical analyses of oily wastes --- p.91 === Chapter 1.1 --- Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometric analysis --- p.91 === Chapter 1.2 --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis --- p.93 === Chapter 2. --- ecotoxicological studies of oily wastes --- p.95 === Chapter 2.1 --- Growth inhibition test on Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.95 === Chapter 2.2 --- Survival tests on Elasmopus rapax and Parhyale plumulosa --- p.96 === Chapter 2.3 --- Survival test on Ambassis gymnocephalus and Sparus sarba --- p.97 === Chapter 2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.98 === Chapter 3 --- Statistical analyses of chemical and ecotoxicological analyses --- p.99 === Chapter 4. --- statistical analyses between acute toxicity tests --- p.101 === CONCLUSION --- p.102 === REFERENCES --- p.104